Characterization of Bottled Waters by Multielemental Analysis, Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes

Multi-elemental (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn) and stable isotope (i.e., δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC) analyses were performed on 13 (8 Slovenian and 5 imported) bottled mineral and spring waters from the Slovenian market. In addition, 87Sr/86...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2020-09, Vol.12 (9), p.2454
Main Authors: Zuliani, Tea, Kanduč, Tjaša, Novak, Rok, Vreča, Polona
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidic soils
Alkalinity
Antimony
Bottled water
Bottling
Cadmium
Calcium
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Carbonates
Carbonic acid
Chromium
Dissolution
Drinking water
Drinking water, Bottled
Geology
Groundwater
Hydrogen
Isotope ratios
Isotopes
Legislation
Low concentrations
Magnesium
Manganese
Mineral waters
Molybdenum
Quality standards
Recharge areas
Reference materials
Sodium
Spring water
Stable isotopes
Strontium 87
Trace elements
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Summary:Multi-elemental (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn) and stable isotope (i.e., δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC) analyses were performed on 13 (8 Slovenian and 5 imported) bottled mineral and spring waters from the Slovenian market. In addition, 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were determined for the first time. In all analyzed bottled waters, the majority of elements were present although in low concentrations, and according to EU legislation, all were suitable for human consumption. Also, concentrations of major elements (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) were in general agreement with the values reported on the bottle labels, and any differences were the consequence of the natural variability of the water source used for bottling. The exception was one spring water, for which the source location changed, which was confirmed by the δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC data. Two mineral waters had distinctive elemental compositions due to the particular geology of their recharge areas. The δ13CDIC was also investigated to decipher the carbonate contribution in the bottled waters. The results suggest that dissolution of carbonates and non-equilibrium carbonate dissolution by carbonic acid produced from soil zone CO2 are the predominant geochemical processes influencing the δ13CDIC values of bottled water.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w12092454