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Hyperlocal mapping of urban air temperature using remote sensing and crowdsourced weather data

The impacts of climate change such as extreme heat waves are exacerbated in cities where most of the world's population live. Quantifying urbanization impacts on ambient air temperatures (Tair) has relevance for human health risk, building energy use efficiency, vector-borne disease control and...

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Published in:Remote sensing of environment 2020-06, Vol.242, p.111791, Article 111791
Main Authors: Venter, Zander S., Brousse, Oscar, Esau, Igor, Meier, Fred
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description The impacts of climate change such as extreme heat waves are exacerbated in cities where most of the world's population live. Quantifying urbanization impacts on ambient air temperatures (Tair) has relevance for human health risk, building energy use efficiency, vector-borne disease control and urban biodiversity. Remote sensing of urban climate has been focused on land surface temperature (LST) due to a scarcity of data on Tair which is usually interpolated at 1 km resolution. We assessed the efficacy of mapping hyperlocal Tair (spatial resolutions of 10–30 m) over Oslo, Norway, by integrating Sentinel, Landsat and LiDAR data with crowd-sourced Tair measurements from 1310 private weather stations during 2018. Using Random Forest regression modelling, we found that annual mean, daily maximum and minimum Tair can be mapped with an average RMSE of 0.52 °C (R2 = 0.5), 1.85 °C (R2 = 0.05) and 1.46 °C (R2 = 0.33), respectively. Mapping accuracy decreased sharply with
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Quantifying urbanization impacts on ambient air temperatures (Tair) has relevance for human health risk, building energy use efficiency, vector-borne disease control and urban biodiversity. Remote sensing of urban climate has been focused on land surface temperature (LST) due to a scarcity of data on Tair which is usually interpolated at 1 km resolution. We assessed the efficacy of mapping hyperlocal Tair (spatial resolutions of 10–30 m) over Oslo, Norway, by integrating Sentinel, Landsat and LiDAR data with crowd-sourced Tair measurements from 1310 private weather stations during 2018. Using Random Forest regression modelling, we found that annual mean, daily maximum and minimum Tair can be mapped with an average RMSE of 0.52 °C (R2 = 0.5), 1.85 °C (R2 = 0.05) and 1.46 °C (R2 = 0.33), respectively. Mapping accuracy decreased sharply with &lt;250 weather stations (approx. 1 station km−2) and remote sensing data averaged within a 100-500 m buffer zone around each station maximized accuracy. Further, models performed best outside of summer months when the spatial variation in temperatures were low and wind velocities were high. Finally, accuracies were not evenly distributed over space and we found the lowest mapping errors in the local climate zone characterized by compact lowrise buildings which are most relevant to city residents. We conclude that this method is transferable to other cities given there was little difference (0.02 °C RMSE) between models trained on open- (satellite and terrain) vs closed-source (LiDAR) remote sensing data. These maps can provide a complement to and validation of traditional urban canopy models and may assist in identifying hyperlocal hotspots and coldspots of relevance to urban planners. [Display omitted] •Hyperlocal air temperatures mapped at 10-30 m resolution with RMSE of 0.52 °C•Little difference between maps with open- vs closed-source data inputs•Mapping accuracy decreases with &lt;1 station km−2•Accuracies are highest when taking a 100-500 m neighbourhood into account</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-4257</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0704</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.111791</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Biodiversity ; Buffer zones ; Climate change ; Climate models ; Crowdsourcing ; Detection ; Disease control ; Energy consumption ; Environmental impact ; Extreme heat ; Extreme high temperatures ; Health risks ; Heat waves ; High resolution ; Infectious diseases ; Land surface temperature ; Landsat ; Landsat satellites ; Lidar ; Local climates ; Mapping ; Meteorological data ; Model accuracy ; Remote control ; Remote sensing ; Satellite ; Satellites ; Sentinel ; Spatial variations ; Surface temperature ; Urban air ; Urban areas ; Urban climates ; Urban heat island ; Urban planning ; Urbanization ; Vector-borne diseases ; Weather ; Weather stations ; Wind speed ; Wind velocities</subject><ispartof>Remote sensing of environment, 2020-06, Vol.242, p.111791, Article 111791</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 1, 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c368t-b14e66699ade95d6e44392b65836bbb3f7cfc40ed41dafd47046f6bc0fc5a99d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c368t-b14e66699ade95d6e44392b65836bbb3f7cfc40ed41dafd47046f6bc0fc5a99d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2638-7162 ; 0000-0003-4122-6340</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Venter, Zander S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brousse, Oscar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esau, Igor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meier, Fred</creatorcontrib><title>Hyperlocal mapping of urban air temperature using remote sensing and crowdsourced weather data</title><title>Remote sensing of environment</title><description>The impacts of climate change such as extreme heat waves are exacerbated in cities where most of the world's population live. Quantifying urbanization impacts on ambient air temperatures (Tair) has relevance for human health risk, building energy use efficiency, vector-borne disease control and urban biodiversity. Remote sensing of urban climate has been focused on land surface temperature (LST) due to a scarcity of data on Tair which is usually interpolated at 1 km resolution. We assessed the efficacy of mapping hyperlocal Tair (spatial resolutions of 10–30 m) over Oslo, Norway, by integrating Sentinel, Landsat and LiDAR data with crowd-sourced Tair measurements from 1310 private weather stations during 2018. Using Random Forest regression modelling, we found that annual mean, daily maximum and minimum Tair can be mapped with an average RMSE of 0.52 °C (R2 = 0.5), 1.85 °C (R2 = 0.05) and 1.46 °C (R2 = 0.33), respectively. Mapping accuracy decreased sharply with &lt;250 weather stations (approx. 1 station km−2) and remote sensing data averaged within a 100-500 m buffer zone around each station maximized accuracy. Further, models performed best outside of summer months when the spatial variation in temperatures were low and wind velocities were high. Finally, accuracies were not evenly distributed over space and we found the lowest mapping errors in the local climate zone characterized by compact lowrise buildings which are most relevant to city residents. We conclude that this method is transferable to other cities given there was little difference (0.02 °C RMSE) between models trained on open- (satellite and terrain) vs closed-source (LiDAR) remote sensing data. These maps can provide a complement to and validation of traditional urban canopy models and may assist in identifying hyperlocal hotspots and coldspots of relevance to urban planners. 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Mapping accuracy decreased sharply with &lt;250 weather stations (approx. 1 station km−2) and remote sensing data averaged within a 100-500 m buffer zone around each station maximized accuracy. Further, models performed best outside of summer months when the spatial variation in temperatures were low and wind velocities were high. Finally, accuracies were not evenly distributed over space and we found the lowest mapping errors in the local climate zone characterized by compact lowrise buildings which are most relevant to city residents. We conclude that this method is transferable to other cities given there was little difference (0.02 °C RMSE) between models trained on open- (satellite and terrain) vs closed-source (LiDAR) remote sensing data. These maps can provide a complement to and validation of traditional urban canopy models and may assist in identifying hyperlocal hotspots and coldspots of relevance to urban planners. 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subjects Air temperature
Biodiversity
Buffer zones
Climate change
Climate models
Crowdsourcing
Detection
Disease control
Energy consumption
Environmental impact
Extreme heat
Extreme high temperatures
Health risks
Heat waves
High resolution
Infectious diseases
Land surface temperature
Landsat
Landsat satellites
Lidar
Local climates
Mapping
Meteorological data
Model accuracy
Remote control
Remote sensing
Satellite
Satellites
Sentinel
Spatial variations
Surface temperature
Urban air
Urban areas
Urban climates
Urban heat island
Urban planning
Urbanization
Vector-borne diseases
Weather
Weather stations
Wind speed
Wind velocities
title Hyperlocal mapping of urban air temperature using remote sensing and crowdsourced weather data
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