Challenges and Opportunities for Women Entrepreneurs in Botswana: Revisiting the Role of Entrepreneurship Education

• Published in: Journal of International Education in Business 2020-09, Vol.13 (2), p.183-201
• Main Authors: Rudhumbu, Norman, du Plessis, E. C, Maphosa, Cosmas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age Differences; Barriers; Business Administration; Competition; Disadvantaged; Economic growth; Economic opportunities; Economic Progress; Education; Empowerment; Entrepreneurs; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship education; Family Involvement; Females; Financial Support; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Geographic Location; Global economy; Innovation; Innovations; Knowledge Level; Literature Reviews; Marketing; Policy Formation; Recognition (Achievement); Schools; Self Employment; Sex discrimination; Small & medium sized enterprises-SME; Success; Teaching Methods; Technical Support; Women; Women owned businesses
• ISSN: 2046-469X; 1836-3261
• DOI: 10.1108/JIEB-12-2019-0058

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate challenges faced by and opportunities open to women entrepreneurs in Botswana and how entrepreneurship education can boost their knowledge and skills of doing business profitably and contribute to women empowerment. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 400 women entrepreneurs of different ages, educational levels and from trades and different geographical locations were selected using a stratified random sampling procedure to participate in the study from ten towns and cities in the country. A structured questionnaire that used a five-point Likert scale was used for data collection. One-way ANOVA, regression analysis and descriptive statistics were used as tools for data analysis. Findings: Findings showed that women entrepreneurs faced a complex web of challenges among which were access to finance, lack of training leading to lack of technical skills, lack of knowledge of sources of financing and technical support, high competition in the market, marginalisation of women and lack of knowledge of marketing strategies. The key findings were that while women entrepreneurs faced a number of challenges, the legal and regulatory environment in Botswana was highly conducive and supportive of women entrepreneurship and also that customised entrepreneurship education and training offered opportunities for women entrepreneurs to enhance their knowledge and technical skills. Research limitations/implications: The study only used a quantitative approach to collect data. It could have perhaps been more enriching if a mixed-methods approach were used to help probe the participants more. The study also only used women entrepreneurs in cities and towns. Perhaps, it could have also got some women entrepreneurs from rural areas to hear what they say. These limitations will be addressed in future studies. Practical implications: Practical implications of the study are that women entrepreneurs need more training in business entrepreneurship for them to gain more knowledge and skills; finance houses become more accommodating to women entrepreneurship they could help in the empowerment of these people as they show potential in their businesses; and if more pro-women entrepreneurship policies are developed, they could enhance the activities of women entrepreneurs. Social implications: Women can perform as much as men in business if given the necessary support. Originality/value: This study contributes to the body of knowled