Inorganic fraction of oil sands process-affected water induces mammalian macrophage stress gene expression and acutely modulates immune cell functional markers at both the gene and protein levels

The focus of the present study was to examine the acute immunotoxic properties of oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW) using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Specifically, we used a quantitative PCR assay to monitor changes in the expression of stress, cytokine, and antimicrobial enzyme genes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology in vitro 2020-08, Vol.66, p.104875, Article 104875
Main Authors: Phillips, Nicole A.I., Lillico, Dustin M.E., Qin, Rui, McAllister, Mark, El-Din, Mohamed Gamal, Belosevic, Miodrag, Stafford, James L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Antimicrobial responses
Arginase
Arginase - metabolism
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cytokines
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Damage
Exposure
Gene expression
Gene Expression - drug effects
Genes
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate - drug effects
Immunotoxicity
Industrial Waste - adverse effects
Innate immunity
Macrophages
Mice
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - genetics
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism
Nitric-oxide synthase
Oil and Gas Fields
Oil sands
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Proteins
RAW 264.7 Cells
Tailings ponds
Waste Water - toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:The focus of the present study was to examine the acute immunotoxic properties of oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW) using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Specifically, we used a quantitative PCR assay to monitor changes in the expression of stress, cytokine, and antimicrobial enzyme genes in activated macrophages following acute (i.e. 
ISSN:0887-2333
1879-3177
DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104875