Almost certain loss from black holes: critical comments on the black hole final state proposal

In this paper, we critically revisit the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal and its generalization by Lloyd. In the original proposal, as well as in Lloyd's generalization, Hawking radiation involves a pair of maximally entangled quantum states in which the ingoing partner state and the collapsed matt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2021-08
Main Authors: Dong Jin Lee, Dong-han, Yeom
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Black holes
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Entangled states
Hawking radiation
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In this paper, we critically revisit the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal and its generalization by Lloyd. In the original proposal, as well as in Lloyd's generalization, Hawking radiation involves a pair of maximally entangled quantum states in which the ingoing partner state and the collapsed matter form either a maximally entangled pair or a Schmidt decomposed random state near the singularity. We point out that the unitary matrix introduced in Lloyd's fidelity calculation depends on initial matter states; hence, his result on the high average fidelity may not represent an almost unitary evolution. In opposition to Lloyd's conclusion, when we do not include the state-dependent unitary matrix for the fidelity computation, we analytically and numerically confirm that information will almost certainly be lost because the fidelity will approach zero as the degrees of freedom increase.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.2009.08565