Mesenchymal stromal cells; a new horizon in regenerative medicine

• Published in: Journal of cellular physiology 2020-12, Vol.235 (12), p.9185-9210
• Main Authors: Tavakoli, Shirin, Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo, Hamid Reza, Shariati, Ali, Jahangiryan, Afsaneh, Jadidi, Faezeh, Jadidi Kouhbanani, Mohammd Amin, Hassanzadeh, Ali, Zamani, Majid, Javidi, Kamran, Naimi, Adel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Animal models; Animals; Biomedical materials; Bone marrow; Bone Marrow Cells - cytology; Cardiomyocytes; Cell Differentiation - physiology; Cell Proliferation - physiology; Cell self-renewal; Cell therapy; Chondrocytes; Context; Dental pulp; differentiation; Humans; Immunomodulation; Medicine; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs); Mesenchyme; Regenerative medicine; Regenerative Medicine - methods; sources; Stromal cells; Tissue engineering
• ISSN: 0021-9541; 1097-4652
• DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29803

In recent decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) biomedical utilizing has attracted worldwide growing attention. After the first report of the human MSCs obtaining from the bone marrow (BM) tissue, these cells were isolated from wide types of the other tissues, ranging from adipose tissue to dental pulp. Their specific characteristics, comprising self‐renewality, multipotency, and availability accompanied by their immunomodulatory properties and little ethical concern denote their importance in the context of regenerative medicine. Considering preclinical studies, MSCs can modify immune reactions during tissue repair and restoration, providing suitable milieu for tissue recovery; on the other hand, they can be differentiated into comprehensive types of the body cells, such as osteoblast, chondrocyte, hepatocyte, cardiomyocyte, fibroblast, and neural cells. Though a large number of studies have investigated MSCs capacities in regenerative medicine in varied animal models, the oncogenic capability of unregulated MSCs differentiation must be more assessed to enable their application in the clinic. In the current review, we provide a brief overview of MSCs sources, isolation, and expansion as well as immunomodulatory activities. More important, we try to collect and discuss recent preclinical and clinical research and evaluate current challenges in the context of the MSC‐based cell therapy for regenerative medicine. In the current review, we provide a brief overview of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) sources, isolation, and expansion as well as immunomodulatory activities. More important, we try to collect and discuss recent Preclinical and clinical research and evaluate current challenges in the context of the MSC‐based cell therapy for regenerative medicine.