Photobiomodulation Decreases Hyperalgesia in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: An Experimental Mouse Model Subjected to Nicotine

• Published in: Lasers in surgery and medicine 2020-11, Vol.52 (9), p.890-896
• Main Authors: Rodrigues, Mariana, Cardoso, Ramon B., Kuriki, Heloyse U., Marcolino, Alexandre M., Oliveira Guirro, Elaine Caldeira, Barbosa, Rafael I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ankle; Chronic pain; Complex regional pain syndrome; Edema; Hyperalgesia; Ischemia; Lasers; Light therapy; low‐level laser therapy; neuropathic pain; Nicotine; Pain; Pain perception; reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome; Reperfusion; Statistical analysis; Wavelengths
• ISSN: 0196-8092; 1096-9101
• DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23240

Background and Objectives Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is defined as an extreme and chronic pain condition, and photobiomodulation has relevance as a complementary treatment for CRPS. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy protocols at two wavelengths 660 and 830 nm, associated or not to nicotine in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS‐I). Study Design/Materials and Methods Sixty‐four Swiss mice were divided into the following groups: (i) Naive, (ii) Sham, (iii) Control, (iv) 660 nm, (v) 830 nm, (vii) Nicotine, (vii) Nicotine/660 nm, and (viii) Nicotine/830 nm. CRPS‐I was induced in an experimental ischemia/reperfusion model by affixing an elastic ring, proximal to the ankle joint of the right hind mouse paw, for 3 hours. Nicotine, in the respective groups was administered for 28 days prior to the induction of CRPS‐I. PBMT was applied immediately after the procedure and for 20 consecutive days. The animals were evaluated for mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, paw edema at baseline and for 7, 14, and 21 days. Statistical analyses comprised a mixed‐effects model, using the Tukey post hoc test (P