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Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years
Aim Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this inte...
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Published in: | Journal of biogeography 2020-10, Vol.47 (10), p.2073-2090 |
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container_end_page | 2090 |
container_issue | 10 |
container_start_page | 2073 |
container_title | Journal of biogeography |
container_volume | 47 |
creator | Allen, Judy R. M. Forrest, Matthew Hickler, Thomas Singarayer, Joy S. Valdes, Paul J. Huntley, Brian |
description | Aim
Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval.
Location
Global.
Taxon
Spermatophyta.
Methods
Using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations driven using ice‐core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre‐industrial and 88 palaeoclimate experiments run using HadCM3. Experiments were run for 81 time slices between 1 and 140 ka, seven ‘hosing’ experiments also being run, using a 1‐Sv freshwater flux to the North Atlantic, for time slices corresponding to Heinrich Events H0–H6. Using a rule‐based approach, based on carbon mass and leaf area index of the LPJ‐GUESS plant functional types, the biome was inferred for each grid cell. Biomes were mapped, and the extent and total vegetation biomass of each biome, and total global vegetation biomass, estimated.
Results
Substantial changes in biome extents and locations were found on all vegetated continents. Although the largest magnitude changes were in Eurasia, important changes were seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. Total global extent of most biomes varied on multi‐millennial (orbital) time scales, although some (e.g. Tropical Raingreen Forest) responded principally to the c. 100‐kyr glacial–interglacial cycle and others (e.g. Temperate Broad‐leaved Evergreen Forest) mainly to the c. 20‐kyr precession cycle. Many also responded to millennial contrasts between stadial (‘hosing’) and interstadial climates, with some (e.g. Tropical Evergreen Forest) showing stronger responses than to the multi‐millennial changes.
Main conclusions
No two time slices had identical biome patterns. Even equivalent Holocene and last interglacial time slices, and the last and penultimate glacial maxima, showed important differences. Only a small proportion of global land area experienced no biome change since 140 ka; many places experienced multiple biome changes. These modelling experiments provided little evidence for long‐term biome stability. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jbi.13930 |
format | article |
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Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval.
Location
Global.
Taxon
Spermatophyta.
Methods
Using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations driven using ice‐core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre‐industrial and 88 palaeoclimate experiments run using HadCM3. Experiments were run for 81 time slices between 1 and 140 ka, seven ‘hosing’ experiments also being run, using a 1‐Sv freshwater flux to the North Atlantic, for time slices corresponding to Heinrich Events H0–H6. Using a rule‐based approach, based on carbon mass and leaf area index of the LPJ‐GUESS plant functional types, the biome was inferred for each grid cell. Biomes were mapped, and the extent and total vegetation biomass of each biome, and total global vegetation biomass, estimated.
Results
Substantial changes in biome extents and locations were found on all vegetated continents. Although the largest magnitude changes were in Eurasia, important changes were seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. Total global extent of most biomes varied on multi‐millennial (orbital) time scales, although some (e.g. Tropical Raingreen Forest) responded principally to the c. 100‐kyr glacial–interglacial cycle and others (e.g. Temperate Broad‐leaved Evergreen Forest) mainly to the c. 20‐kyr precession cycle. Many also responded to millennial contrasts between stadial (‘hosing’) and interstadial climates, with some (e.g. Tropical Evergreen Forest) showing stronger responses than to the multi‐millennial changes.
Main conclusions
No two time slices had identical biome patterns. Even equivalent Holocene and last interglacial time slices, and the last and penultimate glacial maxima, showed important differences. Only a small proportion of global land area experienced no biome change since 140 ka; many places experienced multiple biome changes. These modelling experiments provided little evidence for long‐term biome stability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0305-0270</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2699</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13930</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Atmospheric models ; Biomass ; biomes ; Carbon dioxide ; carbon mass ; Climate ; Climate change ; Computer simulation ; Coniferous forests ; Ecosystems ; Environmental changes ; Experiments ; Forests ; glacial ; global palaeovegetation maps ; HadCM3 ; Heinrich Events ; Holocene ; interglacial cycle ; Leaf area ; Leaf area index ; LPJ‐GUESS ; millennial climatic fluctuations ; Questions ; Southern Hemisphere ; Tropical forests ; Vegetation ; Vegetation patterns</subject><ispartof>Journal of biogeography, 2020-10, Vol.47 (10), p.2073-2090</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3320-5f824fd27984d9687dca84e44241edc7eafe1f729650b44fe1a48c7c049c04273</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3320-5f824fd27984d9687dca84e44241edc7eafe1f729650b44fe1a48c7c049c04273</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3926-2257</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Allen, Judy R. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forrest, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickler, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singarayer, Joy S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valdes, Paul J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huntley, Brian</creatorcontrib><title>Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years</title><title>Journal of biogeography</title><description>Aim
Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval.
Location
Global.
Taxon
Spermatophyta.
Methods
Using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations driven using ice‐core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre‐industrial and 88 palaeoclimate experiments run using HadCM3. Experiments were run for 81 time slices between 1 and 140 ka, seven ‘hosing’ experiments also being run, using a 1‐Sv freshwater flux to the North Atlantic, for time slices corresponding to Heinrich Events H0–H6. Using a rule‐based approach, based on carbon mass and leaf area index of the LPJ‐GUESS plant functional types, the biome was inferred for each grid cell. Biomes were mapped, and the extent and total vegetation biomass of each biome, and total global vegetation biomass, estimated.
Results
Substantial changes in biome extents and locations were found on all vegetated continents. Although the largest magnitude changes were in Eurasia, important changes were seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. Total global extent of most biomes varied on multi‐millennial (orbital) time scales, although some (e.g. Tropical Raingreen Forest) responded principally to the c. 100‐kyr glacial–interglacial cycle and others (e.g. Temperate Broad‐leaved Evergreen Forest) mainly to the c. 20‐kyr precession cycle. Many also responded to millennial contrasts between stadial (‘hosing’) and interstadial climates, with some (e.g. Tropical Evergreen Forest) showing stronger responses than to the multi‐millennial changes.
Main conclusions
No two time slices had identical biome patterns. Even equivalent Holocene and last interglacial time slices, and the last and penultimate glacial maxima, showed important differences. Only a small proportion of global land area experienced no biome change since 140 ka; many places experienced multiple biome changes. These modelling experiments provided little evidence for long‐term biome stability.</description><subject>Atmospheric models</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>biomes</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>carbon mass</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Coniferous forests</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>glacial</subject><subject>global palaeovegetation maps</subject><subject>HadCM3</subject><subject>Heinrich Events</subject><subject>Holocene</subject><subject>interglacial cycle</subject><subject>Leaf area</subject><subject>Leaf area index</subject><subject>LPJ‐GUESS</subject><subject>millennial climatic fluctuations</subject><subject>Questions</subject><subject>Southern Hemisphere</subject><subject>Tropical forests</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Vegetation patterns</subject><issn>0305-0270</issn><issn>1365-2699</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEFLAzEQhYMoWKsH_8GCJ8FtJ8nsZnPUUmul4EXPId2d6Ja1W5NU6b83ul4dGIYH35sHj7FLDhOeZrpZtxMutYQjNuKyLHJRan3MRiChyEEoOGVnIWwAQBcSRwwXXb-2XfZJrxRtbPtttrMxkt-GrHdZfKOkQ8w4wk0yZQeyPpyzE2e7QBd_d8xe7ufPs4d89bRYzm5XeS2lgLxwlUDXCKUrbHRZqaa2FRKiQE5Nrcg64k4JXRawRkzCYlWrGlCnFUqO2dXwd-f7jz2FaDb93m9TpBGIlQIoS52o64GqfR-CJ2d2vn23_mA4mJ9STCrF_JaS2OnAfrUdHf4HzePdcnB8AxVwYAM</recordid><startdate>202010</startdate><enddate>202010</enddate><creator>Allen, Judy R. M.</creator><creator>Forrest, Matthew</creator><creator>Hickler, Thomas</creator><creator>Singarayer, Joy S.</creator><creator>Valdes, Paul J.</creator><creator>Huntley, Brian</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-2257</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202010</creationdate><title>Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years</title><author>Allen, Judy R. M. ; Forrest, Matthew ; Hickler, Thomas ; Singarayer, Joy S. ; Valdes, Paul J. ; Huntley, Brian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3320-5f824fd27984d9687dca84e44241edc7eafe1f729650b44fe1a48c7c049c04273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric models</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>biomes</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>carbon mass</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Coniferous forests</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Environmental changes</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>glacial</topic><topic>global palaeovegetation maps</topic><topic>HadCM3</topic><topic>Heinrich Events</topic><topic>Holocene</topic><topic>interglacial cycle</topic><topic>Leaf area</topic><topic>Leaf area index</topic><topic>LPJ‐GUESS</topic><topic>millennial climatic fluctuations</topic><topic>Questions</topic><topic>Southern Hemisphere</topic><topic>Tropical forests</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Vegetation patterns</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Allen, Judy R. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forrest, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickler, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singarayer, Joy S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valdes, Paul J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huntley, Brian</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of biogeography</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Allen, Judy R. M.</au><au>Forrest, Matthew</au><au>Hickler, Thomas</au><au>Singarayer, Joy S.</au><au>Valdes, Paul J.</au><au>Huntley, Brian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years</atitle><jtitle>Journal of biogeography</jtitle><date>2020-10</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2073</spage><epage>2090</epage><pages>2073-2090</pages><issn>0305-0270</issn><eissn>1365-2699</eissn><abstract>Aim
Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval.
Location
Global.
Taxon
Spermatophyta.
Methods
Using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model, we made 89 simulations driven using ice‐core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre‐industrial and 88 palaeoclimate experiments run using HadCM3. Experiments were run for 81 time slices between 1 and 140 ka, seven ‘hosing’ experiments also being run, using a 1‐Sv freshwater flux to the North Atlantic, for time slices corresponding to Heinrich Events H0–H6. Using a rule‐based approach, based on carbon mass and leaf area index of the LPJ‐GUESS plant functional types, the biome was inferred for each grid cell. Biomes were mapped, and the extent and total vegetation biomass of each biome, and total global vegetation biomass, estimated.
Results
Substantial changes in biome extents and locations were found on all vegetated continents. Although the largest magnitude changes were in Eurasia, important changes were seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. Total global extent of most biomes varied on multi‐millennial (orbital) time scales, although some (e.g. Tropical Raingreen Forest) responded principally to the c. 100‐kyr glacial–interglacial cycle and others (e.g. Temperate Broad‐leaved Evergreen Forest) mainly to the c. 20‐kyr precession cycle. Many also responded to millennial contrasts between stadial (‘hosing’) and interstadial climates, with some (e.g. Tropical Evergreen Forest) showing stronger responses than to the multi‐millennial changes.
Main conclusions
No two time slices had identical biome patterns. Even equivalent Holocene and last interglacial time slices, and the last and penultimate glacial maxima, showed important differences. Only a small proportion of global land area experienced no biome change since 140 ka; many places experienced multiple biome changes. These modelling experiments provided little evidence for long‐term biome stability.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/jbi.13930</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-2257</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Atmospheric models Biomass biomes Carbon dioxide carbon mass Climate Climate change Computer simulation Coniferous forests Ecosystems Environmental changes Experiments Forests glacial global palaeovegetation maps HadCM3 Heinrich Events Holocene interglacial cycle Leaf area Leaf area index LPJ‐GUESS millennial climatic fluctuations Questions Southern Hemisphere Tropical forests Vegetation Vegetation patterns |
title | Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years |
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