The new tools revolutionizing Vibrio science

• Published in: Environmental microbiology 2020-10, Vol.22 (10), p.4096-4100
• Main Authors: Baker‐Austin, Craig, Trinanes, Joaquin, Martinez‐Urtaza, Jaime
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bacteria; Chromosomes; Climate Change; Ecology; Environmental conditions; Freshwater; Freshwater environments; Genetics; Genomes; Genomics; Global warming; Humans; Inland water environment; Insertion; Marine systems; Microbiologists; Microbiology; Niches; Oceanography; Oceans; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Physical oceanography; Physiochemistry; Plasmids; Prophages; Replication; Scientific visualization; Symbionts; Transposons; Vibrio - genetics; Vibrio - pathogenicity; Virulence; Waterborne diseases
• ISSN: 1462-2912; 1462-2920
• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15083

Summary As microbiologists we live in exciting times. A variety of technical and conceptual developments, particularly in the last decade have revolutionized the field of microbiology, redrawing the landscape, and entirely redefining what is possible. Perhaps this paradigm shift is no more apparent than in the study of vibrios. The family Vibrionaceae are almost unique as a group of bacteria to study in microbiology: they are genomically, phylogenetically and functionally diverse yet a distinct group of environmental bacteria encompassing important human and animal pathogens as well as non‐pathogenic species such as ecologically critical symbionts. Sensitive to physiochemical stimuli, they are among the fasting replicating bacteria studied, capable of responding almost immediately to favourable environmental conditions such as those afforded by climate warming. Characterized by an unusual double chromosome and frequently carrying numerous cryptic plasmids – their genomes are often pockmarked with insertion elements, transposons, prophages and integrases – paying testament to past genomic promiscuity. With a strong affinity for environmental niches in freshwater and marine systems, they are among the most numerous bacteria present in our oceans, coasts and freshwater environments. As such they offer something for almost anyone interested in microbiology and represent an excellent example of field of microbiology that has benefitted hugely by advances across a gamut of disciplines – not just microbiological – but encompassing genomics, genetics, oceanography, ecological, earth observations sciences and data visualization, among others. We will briefly outline some of the most exciting, innovative and translational scientific advances that are currently being applied to these ecologically, environmentally and clinically important bacteria.