Articular Repair/Regeneration in Healthy and Inflammatory Conditions: From Advanced In Vitro to In Vivo Models

The burden of chronic inflammatory diseases of joints and the spine is increasing with population ageing and unhealthy lifestyles. Articular cartilage and intervertebral discs (IVDs) are avascular and aneural tissues with abundant extracellular matrix, low cell density, and reduced regenerative capa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2020-10, Vol.30 (44), p.n/a
Main Authors: Teixeira, José H., Pereira, Catarina Leite, Almeida, Maria Inês, Teixeira, Graciosa Q., Gonçalves, Raquel M., Barbosa, Mário A., Santos, Susana G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
articular cartilage
articular microenvironment
biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Cartilage
Crosstalk
Degeneration
Extracellular matrix
In vivo methods and tests
inflammation
intervertebral disc
Intervertebral discs
Materials science
Mimicry
Regeneration
Repair
tissue regeneration
tissue repair
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Summary:The burden of chronic inflammatory diseases of joints and the spine is increasing with population ageing and unhealthy lifestyles. Articular cartilage and intervertebral discs (IVDs) are avascular and aneural tissues with abundant extracellular matrix, low cell density, and reduced regenerative capacity after damage or degeneration. The most advanced in vitro and ex vivo cell‐/tissue‐/biomaterial‐based models and technologies to improve physiological mimicry are discussed, focusing on the impact of inflammation on articular repair/regeneration. In addition, in vivo models, developed to study cartilage and IVD repair/regeneration are addressed. While animal models continue to provide crucial mechanistic and preclinical data, more advanced and robust in vitro/ex vivo cartilage and IVD models, with appropriate extracellular matrix cues and allowing for cellular crosstalk, have seen an exponential growth in the last decade. Due to the complexity of articular microenvironments, adequate in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo models are essential to study the molecular mechanisms underlying articular diseases and develop new therapies for repair/regeneration. Chronic inflammatory articular disorders are a major cause of disability, and appropriate study models remain a research challenge. Biomaterials are used to build in vitro models and are tested using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Recent advanced in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of articular cartilage and intervertebral disc are reviewed, focusing on inflammation.
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201909523