Optimal Brake Allocation in Electric Vehicles for Maximizing Energy Harvesting During Braking

This article proposes a novel approach to efficiently distribute braking force of an electric vehicle (EV) between friction and regenerative braking with an ultimate goal of maximizing harvested energy during braking. The regenerative braking performance of an EV depends on various factors influence...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on energy conversion 2020-12, Vol.35 (4), p.1806-1814
Main Authors: Heydari, Shoeib, Fajri, Poria, Sabzehgar, Reza, Asrari, Arash
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Batteries
Brake allocation
Brakes
Driver behavior
Driving conditions
electric vehicle (EV)
Electric vehicles
Energy harvesting
Friction
hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
Inverters
low-speed boundary
Maximization
Mechanical energy
Optimization
performance map
Pulse width modulation
Regenerative braking
Schedules
test bench
traction motor (TM)
Traction motors
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Summary:This article proposes a novel approach to efficiently distribute braking force of an electric vehicle (EV) between friction and regenerative braking with an ultimate goal of maximizing harvested energy during braking. The regenerative braking performance of an EV depends on various factors influenced by the driver behavior and driving conditions, which are challenging to measure or predict in real-time. In the proposed method, the performance map of the traction motor (TM) and its controller is used to define a boundary in which blending of regenerative and friction braking is performed with the goal of maximizing recaptured energy through the regenerative braking process. The performance, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed strategy are validated through a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental testbed for a predetermined drive cycle of Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS). It is shown that using the proposed method, the amount of recaptured energy through the regenerative braking process can significantly increase compared to constant or variable boundary methods using a weight factor for brake distribution.
ISSN:0885-8969
1558-0059
DOI:10.1109/TEC.2020.2994520