Wireless Sensors for Brain Activity—A Survey

Over the last decade, the area of electroencephalography (EEG) witnessed a progressive move from high-end large measurement devices, relying on accurate construction and providing high sensitivity, to miniature hardware, more specifically wireless wearable EEG devices. While accurate, traditional EE...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electronics (Basel) 2020-12, Vol.9 (12), p.2092
Main Authors: TajDini, Mahyar, Sokolov, Volodymyr, Kuzminykh, Ievgeniia, Shiaeles, Stavros, Ghita, Bogdan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Brain research
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Devices
Education
Electrodes
Electroencephalography
Innovations
Measuring instruments
Medical equipment
Medical imaging
Medical research
Meditation
R&D
Research & development
Research methodology
Sensitivity
Sensors
Standardization
Wearable technology
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Summary:Over the last decade, the area of electroencephalography (EEG) witnessed a progressive move from high-end large measurement devices, relying on accurate construction and providing high sensitivity, to miniature hardware, more specifically wireless wearable EEG devices. While accurate, traditional EEG systems need a complex structure and long periods of application time, unwittingly causing discomfort and distress on the users. Given their size and price, aside from their lower sensitivity and narrower spectrum band(s), wearable EEG devices may be used regularly by individuals for continuous collection of user data from non-medical environments. This allows their usage for diverse, nontraditional, non-medical applications, including cognition, BCI, education, and gaming. Given the reduced need for standardization or accuracy, the area remains a rather incipient one, mostly driven by the emergence of new devices that represent the critical link of the innovation chain. In this context, the aim of this study is to provide a holistic assessment of the consumer-grade EEG devices for cognition, BCI, education, and gaming, based on the existing products, the success of their underlying technologies, as benchmarked by the undertaken studies, and their integration with current applications across the four areas. Beyond establishing a reference point, this review also provides the critical and necessary systematic guidance for non-medical EEG research and development efforts at the start of their investigation.
ISSN:2079-9292
2079-9292
DOI:10.3390/electronics9122092