Human exposure to fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis) in a volcanic region—Canary Islands, Spain

Fluoride is highly present in the environment, especially in water and its derivatives. Excessive fluoride contribution to diet poses a health risk. Tea leaves accumulate fluoride and the consumption of tea ( Camellia sinensis ) could pose a risk to human by the excessive fluoride intake. Ninety tea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-12, Vol.27 (35), p.43917-43928
Main Authors: Rodríguez, Inmaculada, Burgos, Antonio, Rubio, Carmen, Gutiérrez, Angel J., Paz, Soraya, Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Flavio M., Hardisson, Arturo, Revert, Consuelo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Black tea
Camellia sinensis
Children
Consumption
Drinking water
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Electrical measurement
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Fluoridation
Fluorides
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Potentiometric analysis
Research Article
Tea
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:Fluoride is highly present in the environment, especially in water and its derivatives. Excessive fluoride contribution to diet poses a health risk. Tea leaves accumulate fluoride and the consumption of tea ( Camellia sinensis ) could pose a risk to human by the excessive fluoride intake. Ninety tea samples were analyzed by potentiometry using a selective fluoride ion electrode. Mixed tea samples (2.82 ± 1.11 mg/L) and black tea samples (2.28 ± 0.79 mg/L) recorded the highest fluoride levels. The contribution of drinking water is important for increasing fluoride levels in teas. The daily consumption of two cups (250 mL per cup) of mixed and black teas prepared with La Laguna tap water does pose a health risk for children (4–8 years old) because of the high contribution percentages (74.4% and 63.6%, respectively) of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level set in 2.5 mg/day by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). A minor consumption in children (4–8 years old) and adults during pregnancy is advisable.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-10319-9