Inflammation and metabolism: the role of adiposity in sarcopenic obesity

Sarcopenic obesity is characterised by the double burden of diminished skeletal muscle mass and the presence of excess adiposity. From a mechanistic perspective, both obesity and sarcopenia are associated with sub-acute, chronic pro-inflammatory states that impede metabolic processes, disrupting adi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2020-11, Vol.79 (4), p.435-447
Main Authors: Lynch, G. M., Murphy, C. H., Castro, E. de Marco, Roche, H. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Adipose tissue
Aging
Atrophy
Conference on ‘Malnutrition in an Obese World: European Perspectives’
Context
Crosstalk
Diabetes
Diet
Dietary intake
Environmental factors
Exercise
FENS 2019
Food intake
Frailty
Genotype & phenotype
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Insulin-like growth factors
Lipids
Metabolism
Muscle contraction
Muscles
Musculoskeletal system
Nutritional status
Obesity
Older people
Phosphorylation
Physical activity
Physical fitness
Proteins
Reconfiguration
Sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle
Symposium 3B: Sarcopenic obesity: Metabolism & mechanisms
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Summary:Sarcopenic obesity is characterised by the double burden of diminished skeletal muscle mass and the presence of excess adiposity. From a mechanistic perspective, both obesity and sarcopenia are associated with sub-acute, chronic pro-inflammatory states that impede metabolic processes, disrupting adipose and skeletal functionality, which may potentiate disease. Recent evidence suggests that there is an important cross-talk between metabolism and inflammation, which has shifted focus upon metabolic-inflammation as a key emerging biological interaction. Dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status are important environmental factors that may modulate metabolic-inflammation. This paradigm will be discussed within the context of sarcopenic obesity risk. There is a paucity of data in relation to the nature and the extent to which nutritional status affects metabolic-inflammation in sarcopenic obesity. Research suggests that there may be scope for the modulation of sarcopenic obesity with alterations in diet. The potential impact of increasing protein consumption and reconfiguration of dietary fat composition in human dietary interventions are evaluated. This review will explore emerging data with respect to if and how different dietary components may modulate metabolic-inflammation, particularly with respect to adiposity, within the context of sarcopenic obesity.
ISSN:0029-6651
1475-2719
DOI:10.1017/S0029665120007119