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Molecular trade-offs in soil organic carbon composition at continental scale
The molecular composition of soil organic carbon remains contentious. Microbial-, plant- and fire-derived compounds may each contribute, but whether they vary predictably among ecosystems remains unclear. Here we present carbon functional groups and molecules from a diverse spectrum of North America...
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Published in: | Nature geoscience 2020-10, Vol.13 (10), p.687-692 |
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description | The molecular composition of soil organic carbon remains contentious. Microbial-, plant- and fire-derived compounds may each contribute, but whether they vary predictably among ecosystems remains unclear. Here we present carbon functional groups and molecules from a diverse spectrum of North American surface mineral soils, collected primarily from the National Ecological Observatory Network and quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a molecular mixing model. We find that soils vary widely in relative contributions of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, lignin and char-like carbon, but each compound class has similar overall abundance. Ninety percent of the variance in carbon composition can be explained by three principal component axes representing a trade-off between lignin and protein, a trade-off between carbohydrate and char, and lipids. Reactive aluminium, crystalline iron oxides and pH plus overlying organic horizon thickness—predictors that are all related to climate—best explain variation along each respective axis. Together, our data point to continental-scale trade-offs in soil carbon molecular composition that are linked to environmental and geochemical variables known to predict carbon mass concentrations. Controversies regarding the genesis of soil carbon and its potential responses to global change can be partially reconciled by considering diverse ecosystem properties that drive complementary persistence mechanisms.
Environmental factors influence the molecular composition of carbon in soils across continental gradients, according to analyses of North American mineral soils. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41561-020-0634-x |
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Geosci</stitle><date>2020-10-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>687</spage><epage>692</epage><pages>687-692</pages><issn>1752-0894</issn><eissn>1752-0908</eissn><abstract>The molecular composition of soil organic carbon remains contentious. Microbial-, plant- and fire-derived compounds may each contribute, but whether they vary predictably among ecosystems remains unclear. Here we present carbon functional groups and molecules from a diverse spectrum of North American surface mineral soils, collected primarily from the National Ecological Observatory Network and quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a molecular mixing model. We find that soils vary widely in relative contributions of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, lignin and char-like carbon, but each compound class has similar overall abundance. Ninety percent of the variance in carbon composition can be explained by three principal component axes representing a trade-off between lignin and protein, a trade-off between carbohydrate and char, and lipids. Reactive aluminium, crystalline iron oxides and pH plus overlying organic horizon thickness—predictors that are all related to climate—best explain variation along each respective axis. Together, our data point to continental-scale trade-offs in soil carbon molecular composition that are linked to environmental and geochemical variables known to predict carbon mass concentrations. Controversies regarding the genesis of soil carbon and its potential responses to global change can be partially reconciled by considering diverse ecosystem properties that drive complementary persistence mechanisms.
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subjects | 140/131 704/158/47 704/172 704/47/4113 Aluminium Aluminum Analytical methods Carbohydrates Carbon Chemical composition Data points Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth System Sciences Environmental factors Functional groups Geochemistry Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Iron oxides Lignin Lipids Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Microorganisms NMR NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance Organic carbon Organic soils Proteins Soil Soil formation Soils Spectroscopy Tradeoffs Variance analysis |
title | Molecular trade-offs in soil organic carbon composition at continental scale |
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