Autism spectrum disorders – challenges and perspectives

• Published in: European journal of public health 2020-09, Vol.30 (Supplement_5)
• Main Authors: Tzvetkova, S, Tsvetanova, K, Karcheva, M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Autism; Children; Cognitive ability; Communication; Confidentiality; Disorders; Early intervention; Health services; Intervention; Medical education; Medical schools; Medical treatment; Medicine; NGOs; Nongovernmental organizations; Professionalism; Public health; Qualitative analysis; Qualitative research; Social relations; Social services; Specialists; Stereotypes
• ISSN: 1101-1262; 1464-360X
• DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1021

Abstract Background According the latest data of ADDM in USA one from 59 children is identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ADDM assessments of ASD frequency among children aged 8 years show that this disorder cases increased more than twice in 2012 (1:150) compared with 2002 (1:68). The survey in compliance with ASDEU program comprising 14 European countries shows ratio 1:89 among children aged 7-9 years. Methods The following methods were applied: documental (national and regional reports); C.L.A.S.S. -instrument assessing the social communication; IDC and DSM; descriptive and qualitative analysis; anamnestic data and observations. Results of a total 20 cases ranging from 2 yrs. 3 months to 4 yrs. 6 months are commented. The principles of confidentiality, correctness and professionalism were observed. Results Common features like disorders in social relations, communication, stereotype behavioral models were found among the surveyed children, as well as some specific features - adoring water 15 (75%), hyperactive 11 (55%), auto-aggressive 5 (25%), fearless in 17 (85%), lack of mutual game in 20 (100%), appearance of “synthetic language” in 6 (30%), cognitive disorders in 20 (100%). Challenges: No academic specialists for ASD therapy are trained in Bulgaria. Frequently the parents look for assistance late. Healthcare handbook - from diagnosis to the complex care, is not created yet. Perspectives: ASD items are already discussed in the sphere of human and medical education. In the sphere not reimbursed by the state function more and more NGO which offer paid social and special services and CSRI provide these services for free. Conclusions There is a change from a medical to a social model. In Bulgaria the early diagnostics, early intervention and provision of well-trained professionals are not developed sufficiently well. The increased number of disorders requires fast and adequate reaction. Key messages Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bulgaria. Challenges, perspectives.