Belief Propagation for Energy Efficiency Maximization in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

• Published in: IEEE transactions on wireless communications 2021-01, Vol.20 (1), p.56-68
• Main Authors: Lee, Sang Hyun, Kim, Mintae, Shin, Hunmin, Lee, Inkyu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Belief propagation; Cellular communication; Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Energy-efficiency maximization; Heterogeneous networks; Load balancing; Load management; Message passing; Optimization; Radio equipment; Stress concentration; Throughput; Wireless communication; wireless heterogeneous networks; Wireless networks
• ISSN: 1536-1276; 1558-2248
• DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3023079

In this article, we study an energy efficient management of two-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) which consist of one macro base station (BS) and multiple micro base stations. This article presents a distributed user association algorithm that maximizes the network-wide energy efficiency (EE) in HetNets. A subset of BSs that support only a small number of users can be turned off to save the energy consumption. By turning off BSs in the HetNet and offloading serving users to adjacent active BSs, the network-wide energy consumption is minimized, while the sum throughput is maximized. To solve the problem efficiently, we introduce a new approach based on a message-passing framework and derive a distributed load balancing algorithm. The proposed method provides a very efficient solution with reduced computational complexity compared to existing schemes. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms other conventional load balancing strategies.