Hepatotoxicity induced by nanomaterials: mechanisms and in vitro models

The unique physicochemical properties of materials at nanoscale have opened a plethora of opportunities for applications in the pharmaceutical and medical field, but also in consumer products from food and cosmetics industries. As a consequence, daily human exposure to nanomaterials through distinct...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of toxicology 2021, Vol.95 (1), p.27-52
Main Authors: Vilas-Boas, Vânia, Vinken, Mathieu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Biocompatibility
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell culture
Consumer products
Cosmetics
Environmental Health
Exposure
Food industry
Food production
Hepatotoxicity
In vivo methods and tests
Inflammation
Material properties
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Oxidative stress
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Physicochemical properties
Review Article
Silica
Silicon dioxide
Toxicity
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Summary:The unique physicochemical properties of materials at nanoscale have opened a plethora of opportunities for applications in the pharmaceutical and medical field, but also in consumer products from food and cosmetics industries. As a consequence, daily human exposure to nanomaterials through distinct routes is considerable and, therefore, may raise health concerns. Many nanomaterials have been described to accumulate and induce adversity in the liver. Among these, silica and some types of metallic nanoparticles are the most broadly used in consumer products and, therefore, the most studied and reported. The reviewed literature was collected from PubMed.gov during the month of March 2020 using the search words “nanomaterials induced hepatotoxicity”, which yielded 181 papers. This present paper reviews the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials described in in vitro and in vivo studies, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms. The induction of oxidative stress and inflammation are the manifestations of toxicity most frequently reported following exposure of cells or animal models to different nanomaterials. Furthermore, the available in vitro models for the evaluation of the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials are discussed, highlighting the continuous interest in the development of more advanced and reliable in vitro models for nanotoxicology.
ISSN:0340-5761
1432-0738
DOI:10.1007/s00204-020-02940-x