Divalent cations are antagonistic to survivability of freeze-dried probiotics encapsulated in cross-linked alginate

[Display omitted] •Group II cations are antagonistic towards freeze-drying survivability of probiotics.•Higher survivability after the freezing step was observed at a higher freezing rate.•Probiotic ECN showed higher freeze-drying survival in barium-crosslinked alginate.•Addition of sucrose improves...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food and bioproducts processing 2020-11, Vol.124, p.369-377
Main Authors: Tan, Li Ling, Sampathkumar, Kaarunya, Wong, Jia Hui, Loo, Say Chye Joachim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alginates
Alginic acid
Cations
Cross-linkers
Crosslinking
Cryoprotectant
Delivery systems
Dessication
Divalent cations
E coli
Encapsulation
Freeze drying
Lactobacilli
Probiotics
Seaweed meal
Sucrose
Sugar
Survivability
Survival
Temperature effects
Toxicity
Translation
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Group II cations are antagonistic towards freeze-drying survivability of probiotics.•Higher survivability after the freezing step was observed at a higher freezing rate.•Probiotic ECN showed higher freeze-drying survival in barium-crosslinked alginate.•Addition of sucrose improves freeze-drying survivability of probiotics. Alginate encapsulation is amongst the most studied probiotic encapsulation formulations in the literature, preferred for its low toxicity, low cost and ability to protect entrapped probiotics against acidic pH. Despite extensive academic studies, there has been little commercial translation of alginate-encapsulated probiotic formulations. In this study, we hypothesized that factors affecting freeze-drying survivability of alginate-encapsulated probiotics could have limited its translation potential. Factors including: (1) encapsulant material, (2) cryoprotectant, (3) cross-linker, (4) Concentration of crosslinker, and (5) other Group II divalent cations cross-linkers were investigated, using two model probiotics–Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN). Divalent cations, which are used to cross-link alginates, were found to have antagonistic effects on the freeze-drying survivability of LGG and ECN. To mitigate the deleterious effects of divalent cations, the addition of sucrose was found to be useful, possibly due to its membrane stabilization mechanism.
ISSN:0960-3085
1744-3571
DOI:10.1016/j.fbp.2020.09.013