Vulnerability Indicators for Coastal Roadways Based on Barrier Island Morphology and Shoreline Change Predictions

AbstractCoastal roadways are vulnerable to changes in landscape that occur at variable spatiotemporal scales. In particular, highways on barrier islands suffer the consequences of the combined action of the ocean, the back-barrier lagoon, and the morphological changes in the island. Coastal dunes an...

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Published in:Natural hazards review 2021-05, Vol.22 (2)
Main Authors: Velasquez-Montoya, Liliana, Sciaudone, Elizabeth J, Smyre, Elizabeth, Overton, Margery F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Barrier islands
Brackishwater environment
Coastal morphology
Coastal zone
Coasts
Critical infrastructure
Dunes
Estuaries
Flooding
Forestry
Highways
Hurricanes
Indicators
Infrastructure
Islands
Lagoons
Marshes
Morphology
Oceans
Overwash
Regions
Remote sensing
Roads
Roads & highways
Sea fronts
Shoreline changes
Shorelines
Storms
Technical Papers
Transportation planning
Vulnerability
Winter storms
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a390t-de2ded606b8dc032b272da9a414203cc82204e97f0bcca17e48e8618fb3a859b3
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creator Velasquez-Montoya, Liliana
Sciaudone, Elizabeth J
Smyre, Elizabeth
Overton, Margery F
description AbstractCoastal roadways are vulnerable to changes in landscape that occur at variable spatiotemporal scales. In particular, highways on barrier islands suffer the consequences of the combined action of the ocean, the back-barrier lagoon, and the morphological changes in the island. Coastal dunes and beaches are typically the only barrier between the ocean and the island’s infrastructure, while low-lying marshes separate the infrastructure from back-barrier lagoons. This work addresses the spatiotemporal variability of these coastal features along a barrier island and proposes a set of vulnerability indicators that allow evaluating past, present, and future vulnerability of a coastal roadway. Systematically collected remotely sensed data were used to digitize dune elevations and oceanfront and estuarine shorelines in the northern portion of Hatteras Island, North Carolina, US. Based on these morphological data and their distance to the main roadway on the island, three vulnerability indicators were defined along shore-normal transects: (1) island width
doi_str_mv 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000441
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In particular, highways on barrier islands suffer the consequences of the combined action of the ocean, the back-barrier lagoon, and the morphological changes in the island. Coastal dunes and beaches are typically the only barrier between the ocean and the island’s infrastructure, while low-lying marshes separate the infrastructure from back-barrier lagoons. This work addresses the spatiotemporal variability of these coastal features along a barrier island and proposes a set of vulnerability indicators that allow evaluating past, present, and future vulnerability of a coastal roadway. Systematically collected remotely sensed data were used to digitize dune elevations and oceanfront and estuarine shorelines in the northern portion of Hatteras Island, North Carolina, US. Based on these morphological data and their distance to the main roadway on the island, three vulnerability indicators were defined along shore-normal transects: (1) island width &lt;305  m, (2) dune crest elevation &lt;3  m above the highway, and (3) edge of pavement within 70  m of the ocean shoreline. In addition, potentially vulnerable areas of the coastal roadway have been predicted until 2030 based on historical records of shoreline positions (mid-1940s to present). Of the 20 km of roadway analyzed, currently, nearly 6 km meet at least one vulnerability criterion. By year 2030, 9 km of roadway will potentially become vulnerable because of proximity to the shoreline. These results reveal five main regions of concern; of those regions, two breached during Hurricane Irene (2011) and the others have suffered major dune erosion, overwash, and flooding during winter storms and hurricanes. The vulnerability assessment presented here allowed identification of historical, present, and future vulnerable spots along the island and continues to inform the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) for their planning and adaption strategies for future phases of highway improvements. The simplicity of the indicators makes them applicable to other coastal roadways and even other types of critical infrastructure in barrier islands and coastal regions. However, if used at different locations, the specific thresholds for the indicators can vary depending on local conditions that may differ from the ones analyzed here.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1527-6988</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1527-6996</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000441</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: American Society of Civil Engineers</publisher><subject>Barrier islands ; Brackishwater environment ; Coastal morphology ; Coastal zone ; Coasts ; Critical infrastructure ; Dunes ; Estuaries ; Flooding ; Forestry ; Highways ; Hurricanes ; Indicators ; Infrastructure ; Islands ; Lagoons ; Marshes ; Morphology ; Oceans ; Overwash ; Regions ; Remote sensing ; Roads ; Roads &amp; highways ; Sea fronts ; Shoreline changes ; Shorelines ; Storms ; Technical Papers ; Transportation planning ; Vulnerability ; Winter storms</subject><ispartof>Natural hazards review, 2021-05, Vol.22 (2)</ispartof><rights>2021 American Society of Civil Engineers</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a390t-de2ded606b8dc032b272da9a414203cc82204e97f0bcca17e48e8618fb3a859b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a390t-de2ded606b8dc032b272da9a414203cc82204e97f0bcca17e48e8618fb3a859b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2313-2172 ; 0000-0001-6703-6217</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000441$$EPDF$$P50$$Gasce$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000441$$EHTML$$P50$$Gasce$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3252,10068,27924,27925,76191,76199</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Velasquez-Montoya, Liliana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sciaudone, Elizabeth J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smyre, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Overton, Margery F</creatorcontrib><title>Vulnerability Indicators for Coastal Roadways Based on Barrier Island Morphology and Shoreline Change Predictions</title><title>Natural hazards review</title><description>AbstractCoastal roadways are vulnerable to changes in landscape that occur at variable spatiotemporal scales. In particular, highways on barrier islands suffer the consequences of the combined action of the ocean, the back-barrier lagoon, and the morphological changes in the island. Coastal dunes and beaches are typically the only barrier between the ocean and the island’s infrastructure, while low-lying marshes separate the infrastructure from back-barrier lagoons. This work addresses the spatiotemporal variability of these coastal features along a barrier island and proposes a set of vulnerability indicators that allow evaluating past, present, and future vulnerability of a coastal roadway. Systematically collected remotely sensed data were used to digitize dune elevations and oceanfront and estuarine shorelines in the northern portion of Hatteras Island, North Carolina, US. Based on these morphological data and their distance to the main roadway on the island, three vulnerability indicators were defined along shore-normal transects: (1) island width &lt;305  m, (2) dune crest elevation &lt;3  m above the highway, and (3) edge of pavement within 70  m of the ocean shoreline. In addition, potentially vulnerable areas of the coastal roadway have been predicted until 2030 based on historical records of shoreline positions (mid-1940s to present). Of the 20 km of roadway analyzed, currently, nearly 6 km meet at least one vulnerability criterion. By year 2030, 9 km of roadway will potentially become vulnerable because of proximity to the shoreline. These results reveal five main regions of concern; of those regions, two breached during Hurricane Irene (2011) and the others have suffered major dune erosion, overwash, and flooding during winter storms and hurricanes. 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In particular, highways on barrier islands suffer the consequences of the combined action of the ocean, the back-barrier lagoon, and the morphological changes in the island. Coastal dunes and beaches are typically the only barrier between the ocean and the island’s infrastructure, while low-lying marshes separate the infrastructure from back-barrier lagoons. This work addresses the spatiotemporal variability of these coastal features along a barrier island and proposes a set of vulnerability indicators that allow evaluating past, present, and future vulnerability of a coastal roadway. Systematically collected remotely sensed data were used to digitize dune elevations and oceanfront and estuarine shorelines in the northern portion of Hatteras Island, North Carolina, US. Based on these morphological data and their distance to the main roadway on the island, three vulnerability indicators were defined along shore-normal transects: (1) island width &lt;305  m, (2) dune crest elevation &lt;3  m above the highway, and (3) edge of pavement within 70  m of the ocean shoreline. In addition, potentially vulnerable areas of the coastal roadway have been predicted until 2030 based on historical records of shoreline positions (mid-1940s to present). Of the 20 km of roadway analyzed, currently, nearly 6 km meet at least one vulnerability criterion. By year 2030, 9 km of roadway will potentially become vulnerable because of proximity to the shoreline. These results reveal five main regions of concern; of those regions, two breached during Hurricane Irene (2011) and the others have suffered major dune erosion, overwash, and flooding during winter storms and hurricanes. The vulnerability assessment presented here allowed identification of historical, present, and future vulnerable spots along the island and continues to inform the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) for their planning and adaption strategies for future phases of highway improvements. The simplicity of the indicators makes them applicable to other coastal roadways and even other types of critical infrastructure in barrier islands and coastal regions. However, if used at different locations, the specific thresholds for the indicators can vary depending on local conditions that may differ from the ones analyzed here.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>American Society of Civil Engineers</pub><doi>10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000441</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-2172</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-6217</orcidid></addata></record>
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source American Society Of Civil Engineers ASCE Journals
subjects Barrier islands
Brackishwater environment
Coastal morphology
Coastal zone
Coasts
Critical infrastructure
Dunes
Estuaries
Flooding
Forestry
Highways
Hurricanes
Indicators
Infrastructure
Islands
Lagoons
Marshes
Morphology
Oceans
Overwash
Regions
Remote sensing
Roads
Roads & highways
Sea fronts
Shoreline changes
Shorelines
Storms
Technical Papers
Transportation planning
Vulnerability
Winter storms
title Vulnerability Indicators for Coastal Roadways Based on Barrier Island Morphology and Shoreline Change Predictions
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