Using zircon trace element composition to assess porphyry copper potential of the Guichon Creek batholith and Highland Valley Copper deposit, south-central British Columbia

• Published in: Mineralium deposita 2021-02, Vol.56 (2), p.215-238
• Main Authors: Lee, Robert G., Byrne, Kevin, D’Angelo, Michael, Hart, Craig J.R., Hollings, Pete, Gleeson, Sarah A., Alfaro, Miguel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ablation; Batholiths; Chambers; Coastal inlets; Composition; Copper; Creeks; Crystallization; Crystals; Degassing; Dikes; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Embankments; Evolution; Evolution & development; Fertility; Fluids; Fractional crystallization; Gabbro; Geochronometry; Geology; Isotopes; Lakes; Laser ablation; Lasers; Lava; Magma; Magma chambers; Mineral Resources; Mineralization; Mineralogy; Porphyry copper; Quartz; Radiometric dating; Rock; Rocks; Stocks; Trace elements; Triassic; Valleys; Zircon
• ISSN: 0026-4598; 1432-1866
• DOI: 10.1007/s00126-020-00961-1

The Late Triassic Guichon Creek batholith is a large (~ 1800 km 2 ), composite, zoned batholith that hosts several large porphyry Cu-Mo deposits of the Highland Valley Copper district. The batholith consists of intrusive rocks that range in composition from gabbro to quartz monzonite. Adjacent to the mafic margin of the batholith is the Gump Lake granodiorite to quartz monzonite stock. A new U-Pb zircon age of 218 ± 0.18 for the Gump Lake stock indicates that magmatism in the region began at least seven million years prior to the emplacement of the main Guichon Creek batholith rocks at 211 Ma. Zircons from fifteen samples from the Guichon Creek batholith were analyzed by laser ablation ICP-MS to characterize the magmatic evolution and ore fertility of the batholith. The trace element composition of zircon record early, lower crustal, fractional crystallization followed by five pulses of magma recharge and mixing in an upper-crustal, oxidized, magma chamber as well as degassing of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids that formed the porphyry copper deposits. Zircons from the early barren rocks have chondrite-normalized Eu/Eu N * values of 0.19 to 0.56 and estimated temperatures of 850 to 750 °C. The middle to late intrusions that host porphyry copper mineralization have zircon Eu/Eu N * values of 0.30 to 0.74 and slightly lower estimated temperatures of 800 to 600 °C. Late porphyritic stocks and dikes from the mineralized centers contain zircon crystals elevated in Y, Nb, Ta, and REE concentration relative to zircon from the earlier intrusions. This distinct change in zircon composition coincides with the copper mineralization, suggesting that zircon chemistry can be used as a tool to identify the genetic evolution of a crystallizing magma chamber and potential for mineralization.