Environmental prevalence, fate, impacts, and mitigation of microplastics—a critical review on present understanding and future research scope

Microplastics are considered to be ubiquitous and widespread emerging contaminants. They are persistent in the nature and pose considerable harm to the environment. Their omnipresence is documented in almost all aquatic habitats, several atmospheric and terrestrial environments, and also in human co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-02, Vol.28 (5), p.4951-4974
Main Authors: Patil, Sakshi, Bafana, Amit, Naoghare, Pravin K., Krishnamurthi, Kannan, Sivanesan, Saravanadevi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic habitats
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Cellulose
Contaminants
Coral reefs
Corrosion resistance
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Engineering research
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental engineering
Environmental Health
Environmental impact
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Humans
India
Microplastics
Oceans
Plastic pollution
Plastics
Polyethylene
Polyvinyl alcohol
Prevalence
Research centers
Review Article
Reviews
Terrestrial environments
Textiles
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:Microplastics are considered to be ubiquitous and widespread emerging contaminants. They are persistent in the nature and pose considerable harm to the environment. Their omnipresence is documented in almost all aquatic habitats, several atmospheric and terrestrial environments, and also in human consumables. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the environmental prevalence of the microplastics in all environmental compartments, and their possible adverse impacts. It also presents review of the studies conducted in India and the epitome of potential mitigation measures. The need and direction of future research are highlighted. The review will help in determining the exposure levels, environmental consequences, and risk estimations, and will guide the researchers and policymakers.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-11700-4