Comparative immuno-modulatory effects of basil and sesame seed oils against diazinon-induced toxicity in rats; a focus on TNF-α immunolocalization

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-02, Vol.28 (5), p.5332-5346
• Main Authors: Farouk, Sameh Mohamed, Gad, Fatma Abdel-monem, Emam, Mahmoud Abdelghaffar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Aquatic Pollution; Aspartate aminotransferase; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Catalase; Creatinine; Diazinon; Diazinon - toxicity; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Exposure; Food; Free radicals; Fungicides; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Herbal medicine; Herbs; Histology; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Insecticides; Interleukin 10; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Malondialdehyde; Natural products; Ocimum basilicum; Oils & fats; Organophosphorus pesticides; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Pesticides; Phytochemicals; Plant Oils - metabolism; Rats; Reactive oxygen species; Research Article; Seeds; Sesamum; Superoxide dismutase; Testosterone; Toxicity; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Urea; Veterinary medicine; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10840-x

Diazinon (DZN), a common organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), has hazardous effect to human and animals with its ubiquitous use. Considering the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the OPIs toxicity, the present study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative properties of basil (BO) and sesame (SO) seed oils against the toxic effect of DZN. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four experimental groups ( n  = 10 rats/group); control, DZN (10 mg/kg b.w/day), DZN + BO (5 ml/kg b.w/day), and DZN + SO (8 ml/kg b.w/day) groups, treated for a period of 4 weeks. DZN-exposed animals showed significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) with a significant decline in testosterone level compared with control. On the other hand, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant decreases in ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr with a significant increase in testosterone level when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative/antioxidant indices revealed significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with significant decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and catalase (CAT) activities among DZN-treated rats compared with control. Distinctly lower levels of MDA and increased activities of SOD, Gpx, and CAT were evident in both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Inflammatory and immuno-modulatory markers assessment showed a significant increase in TNF-α with a significant decline in IL-10 level in DZN group; meanwhile, both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant declines in levels of TNF-α with significant increases in IL-10. Corresponds immunohistochemistry, the total scores (TS) of TNF-α immunostainings in hepatorenal, testicular, and epididymal tissues of control, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups were significantly lower than those values of DZN group. Additionally, the examined tissues of DZN + BO group revealed significant lower TS of TNF-α immunostaining compared with DZN + SO group. The overall data suggested that both BO and SO can be efficiently used as preventive herbal compounds against DZN-induced oxidative stress with special reference to their possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free radical activities. However, BO has more potent protective effect against DZN-induced tissue injury at both immunohistochemical and molecular levels.