Autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid Design for Provision of Frequency Control Ancillary Service and Distribution Voltage Regulation

• Published in: arXiv.org 2022-02
• Main Authors: Yumiki, Shota, Susuki, Yoshihiko, Oshikubo, Yuta, Ota, Yutaka, Masegi, Ryo, Kawashima, Akihiko, Ishigame, Atsushi, Inagaki, Shinkichi, Suzuki, Tatsuya
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ancillary services; Charging; Differential equations; Electric potential; Electric power grids; Electric vehicles; Evaluation; Frequency control; Hardware-in-the-loop simulation; Mathematical models; Ordinary differential equations; Vehicle-to-grid; Voltage
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2101.10518

We develop a system-level design for the provision of Ancillary Service (AS) for control of electric power grids by in-vehicle batteries, suitably applied to Electric Vehicles (EVs) operated in a sharing service. An architecture for cooperation between transportation and energy management systems is introduced that enables us to design an autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for the provision of multi-objective AS: primary frequency control in a transmission grid and voltage amplitude regulation in a distribution grid connected to EVs. The design is based on the ordinary differential equation model of distribution voltage, which has been recently introduced as a new physics-based model, and is utilized in this paper for assessing and regulating the impact of spatiotemporal charging/charging of a large population of EVs to a distribution grid. Effectiveness of the autonomous V2G design is evaluated with numerical simulations of realistic models for transmission and distribution grids with synthetic operation data on EVs in a sharing service. In addition, we present a hardware-in-the-loop test for evaluating its feasibility in a situation where inevitable latency is involved due to power, control, and communication equipments.