Magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem in children, part 1: imaging techniques, embryology, anatomy and review of congenital conditions

Part 1 of this series of two articles describes conventional and advanced MRI techniques that are useful for evaluating brainstem pathologies. In addition, it provides a review of the embryology, normal progression of myelination, and clinically and radiologically salient imaging anatomy of the norm...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric radiology 2021-02, Vol.51 (2), p.172-188
Main Authors: Sarma, Asha, Heck, Josh M., Ndolo, Josephine, Newton, Allen, Pruthi, Sumit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomy
Brain stem
Congenital anomalies
Demyelination
Embryology
Imaging
Imaging techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Myelination
Neoplasms
Neuroradiology
Nuclear Medicine
Oncology
Pediatrics
Radiology
Review
Ultrasound
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Description
Summary:Part 1 of this series of two articles describes conventional and advanced MRI techniques that are useful for evaluating brainstem pathologies. In addition, it provides a review of the embryology, normal progression of myelination, and clinically and radiologically salient imaging anatomy of the normal brainstem. Finally, it discusses congenital diseases of the brainstem with a focus on distinctive imaging features that allow for differentiating pathologies. Part 2 of this series of two articles includes discussion of neoplasms; infections; and vascular, demyelinating, toxic and metabolic, and miscellaneous disease processes affecting the brainstem. The ultimate goal of this pair of articles is to empower the radiologist to add clinical value in the care of pediatric patients with brainstem pathologies.
ISSN:0301-0449
1432-1998
DOI:10.1007/s00247-020-04953-1