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Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the or...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2021-04
Main Authors: Abreu, P, Almela, A, Andrada, B, Araújo Ferreira, P R, Asorey, H, Balaceanu, A, Biteau, J, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Borodai, N, Briechle, F L, Cancio, A, Caracas, I, Cazon, L, Cerda, M, Chudoba, J, Coluccia, M R, Dawson, B R, Debatin, J, M del Río, Dhital, N, A Di Matteo, dos Anjos, R C, Dova, M T, Escobar, C O, Etchegoyen, A, Farmer, J, Fazzini, N, Fick, B, Fujii, T, García, B, Gherghel-Lascu, A, Glombitza, J, Gobbi, F, M Gómez Berisso, González, N, Góra, D, Hahn, S, Hampel, M R, Harari, D, Hojvat, C, Kemp, J, Kleifges, M, Köpke, M, Lenok, V, D Lo Presti, Lopes, L, López, R, Lundquist, J P, A Machado Payeras, Mariazzi, A G, O Martínez Bravo, Mastrodicasa, M, Matthews, J, Mazur, P O, Melo, D, Mollerach, S, Montanet, F, Müller, A L, Muller, M A, Nellen, L, Niechciol, M, Papenbreer, P, Parente, G, Parra, A, Pech, M, Pękala, J, Pelayo, R, Pont, B, Puyleart, A, Riehn, F, Risse, M, Rodrigues de Carvalho, W, Roncoroni, M J, Roulet, E, Santos, E, Schimp, M, Schmidt, D, Schröder, S, Sciutto, S J, Scornavacche, M, Shellard, R C, Silli, G, Souchard, J, Stadelmaier, M, Sudholz, T, Suomijärvi, T, Šupík, J, Tkachenko, O, Tobiska, P, Todero Peixoto, C J, Trini, M, Valdés Galicia, J F, Varela, E, Watson, A A, Weindl, A, Wiencke, L, Wirtz, M, Zapparrata, O
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Language:English
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Summary:We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.2102.07797