Leisure as immediate conscious experience: Foundations, evaluation, and extension of the theory of structured experiences

The nature, causes, and effects of immediate conscious leisure experiences have long been central interests of scholars. Significant contributions to the field include Abraham Maslow's studies of ecstasy and peak experience, Sigmund Koch's descriptions of two forms of consciousness, John N...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of leisure research 2020-10, Vol.51 (5), p.581-600
Main Authors: Ellis, Gary D., Jiang, Jingxian, Freeman, Patti A., Lacanienta, Andrew, Jamal, Tazim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
absorption
Arousal
Behavioral psychology
Behavioral Sciences
Behaviorism
Brain
Careers
Classification
Cognitive Processes
College Students
Consciousness
Ecstasy drug
engagement
Humanities
Immediate conscious experience
immersion
Leisure
Leisure Education
Leisure Time
Maslow, Abraham Harold
MDMA
Neurosciences
Physiology
Recreation
Resistance (Psychology)
Sensory Experience
Social psychology
Student Motivation
theory of structured experiences
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Summary:The nature, causes, and effects of immediate conscious leisure experiences have long been central interests of scholars. Significant contributions to the field include Abraham Maslow's studies of ecstasy and peak experience, Sigmund Koch's descriptions of two forms of consciousness, John Neulinger's classification of immediate conscious experiences based on their motivational contexts, Michael J. Ellis' application of arousal theory to play, Howard and Diane Tinsley's theory of the leisure experience, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's career of inquiry into the "flow" phenomenon, and recently, the theory of structured experience (TSE). This paper reviews research on leisure as immediate conscious experience relating to development of TSE and informs new propositions strengthening the original theory (TSE 2.0) by (a) interpreting TSE in the context of previous research on leisure as immediate conscious experience of leisure, (b) summarizing, integrating, and critiquing research conducted to test propositions of TSE, and (c) proposing revisions to TSE based on completed research.
ISSN:0022-2216
2159-6417
DOI:10.1080/00222216.2020.1754735