Need Satisfaction and Optimal Functioning at Leisure and Work: A Longitudinal Validation Study of the DRAMMA Model

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in psychological need satisfaction and its role in promoting optimal functioning. The DRAMMA model integrates existing need and recovery models to explain why leisure is connected to optimal functioning (i.e., high well-being and low ill-being)....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of happiness studies 2021-02, Vol.22 (2), p.681-707
Main Authors: Kujanpää, Miika, Syrek, Christine, Lehr, Dirk, Kinnunen, Ulla, Reins, Jo Annika, de Bloom, Jessica
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autonomy
Cardiovascular disease
Disengagement
Economics
Employees
Leisure
Longitudinal studies
Occupational stress
Operational definitions
Personality and Social Psychology
Philosophy
Positive Psychology
Psychological needs
Psychology
Quality of Life Research
Research Paper
Satisfaction
Social Sciences
Vacations
Validation studies
Well being
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Summary:In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in psychological need satisfaction and its role in promoting optimal functioning. The DRAMMA model integrates existing need and recovery models to explain why leisure is connected to optimal functioning (i.e., high well-being and low ill-being). It encompasses six psychological needs: detachment, relaxation, autonomy, mastery, meaning, and affiliation (DRAMMA). While the individual needs of the DRAMMA model have been previously shown to relate to different aspects of optimal functioning, a longitudinal study examining the entire model has not been conducted before. In this longitudinal field study covering leisure and work episodes, we tested the within-person reliability and (construct and criterion) validity of the operationalization of the DRAMMA model in a sample of 279 German employees. Participants filled out measures of DRAMMA need satisfaction and optimal functioning at five measurement times before, during, and after vacation periods in 2016 and 2017. The six-factor model showed good fit to the data. In the multilevel models, relaxation, detachment, autonomy, and mastery had the most consistent within-person effects on optimal functioning, while the relationships between optimal functioning, meaning, and affiliation were considerably weaker. In conclusion, DRAMMA need satisfaction can aid and nurture employees’ optimal functioning.
ISSN:1389-4978
1573-7780
DOI:10.1007/s10902-020-00247-3