Color Image Restoration Exploiting Inter-Channel Correlation With a 3-Stage CNN

• Published in: IEEE journal of selected topics in signal processing 2021-02, Vol.15 (2), p.174-189
• Main Authors: Cui, Kai, Boev, Atanas, Alshina, Elena, Steinbach, Eckehard
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Artificial neural networks; Channels; Color; Color image restoration; Color imagery; Compression artifacts reduction; Computer vision; Convolution; Convolutional Neural Network; Correlation; Critical components; Demosaicking; Image coding; Image color analysis; Image compression; Image processing; Image quality; Image reconstruction; Image restoration; Inter-channel Correlation; Noise reduction; Realistic image denoising; Task analysis; Training
• ISSN: 1932-4553; 1941-0484
• DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2020.3043148

Image restoration is a critical component of image processing pipelines and for low-level computer vision tasks. Conventional image restoration approaches are mostly based on hand-crafted image priors. The inter-channel correlation of color images is not fully exploited. Motivated by the special characteristics of the inter-channel correlation (higher correlation for red/green and green/blue channels than for red/blue) in color images and general characteristics (green channel always shows the best image quality among the three color components) of distorted color images, in this paper, a three-stage convolutional neural network (CNN) structure is proposed for color image restoration tasks. Since the green channel is found to have the best quality among all three channels, in the first stage, the network is designed to reconstruct the green component. Then, with the guidance of the reconstructed green channel from the first stage, the red and blue channels are reconstructed in the second stage with two parallel networks. Finally, the intermediate reconstructions from the previous stages are concatenated and further refined jointly. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed three-stage structure with three typical color image restoration tasks: color image demosaicking, color compression artifacts reduction, and real-world color image denoising. In addition, we integrate pixel-shuffle convolution into our scheme to improve the efficiency, and also introduce a quality-blind training strategy to simplify the training process for the compression artifacts reduction task. Extensive experimental results and analyses show that the proposed structure successfully exploits the spatial and inter-channel correlation of color images and outperforms the state-of-the-art image reconstruction approaches.