Modeling the Formation and Propagation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole, a Dominant Taste and Odor Compound, in Water Distribution Systems

2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) formation is often reported as a cause of taste and odor (T&O) problems in water distribution systems (WDSs). The biosynthesis via microbial O-methylation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is the dominant formation pathway in distribution pipes. This paper a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2021-03, Vol.13 (5), p.638
Main Authors: Abhijith, Gopinathan R., Ostfeld, Avi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Analysis
Bioconversion
Biosynthesis
Chlorine
Drinking water
Enzymatic activity
Flow velocity
Kinetics
Methylation
Methyltransferases
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Odor
Odors
Organoleptic properties
Physiological aspects
Taste
Temperature effects
Temperature perception
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (Computer network protocol)
Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenols
Water
Water distribution
Water distribution systems
Water engineering
Water quality
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Summary:2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) formation is often reported as a cause of taste and odor (T&O) problems in water distribution systems (WDSs). The biosynthesis via microbial O-methylation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is the dominant formation pathway in distribution pipes. This paper attempted to utilize the reported data on the microbial O-methylation process to formulate deterministic kinetic models for explaining 2,4,6-TCA formation dynamics in WDSs. The pipe material’s critical role in stimulating O-methyltransferases enzymatic activity and regulating 2,4,6-TCP bioconversion in water was established. The kinetic expressions formulated were later applied to develop a novel EPANET-MSX-based multi-species reactive-transport (MSRT) model. The effects of operating conditions and temperature in directing the microbiological, chemical, and organoleptic quality variations in WDSs were analyzed using the MSRT model on two benchmark systems. The simulation results specified chlorine application’s implication in maintaining 2,4,6-TCA levels within its perception limit (4 ng/L). In addition, the temperature sensitivity of O-methyltransferases enzymatic activity was described, and the effect of temperature increase from 10 to 25 °C in accelerating the 2,4,6-TCA formation rate in WDSs was explained. Controlling source water 2,4,6-TCP concentration by accepting appropriate treatment techniques was recommended as the primary strategy for regulating the T&O problems in WDSs.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w13050638