Investigation of oxidative stress enzymes and histological alterations in tilapia exposed to chlorpyrifos

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-03, Vol.28 (11), p.13105-13111
• Main Authors: Farhan, Muqadas, Wajid, Abdul, Hussain, Tanveer, Jabeen, Farhat, Ishaque, Uzma, Iftikhar, Mehwish, Daim, Mohamed Abdel, Noureen, Aasma
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural land; Agricultural runoff; Animals; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic organisms; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cardiac muscle; Catalase; Catalase - metabolism; Chlorpyrifos; Chlorpyrifos - metabolism; Chlorpyrifos - toxicity; Degeneration; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Enzymes; Exposure; Fish; Gills - metabolism; Glutathione; Glutathione transferase; Glutathione Transferase - metabolism; Hemorrhage; Kupffer cells; Leaching; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Muscles; Necrosis; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus pesticides; Organs; Oxidative Stress; Pest control; Pesticide residues; Pesticides; Pests; Research Article; Runoff; Spleen; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Tilapia; Tilapia - metabolism; Toxicity; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11528-y

Chlorpyrifos (ChF) is an organophosphate pesticide that is widely used in agricultural fields and indoor for controlling pests. Aquatic ecosystems are the recipients of various pesticide residues due to leaching spray drift and agricultural runoff and pose toxicity for aquatic organisms. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress enzymes and histological alterations in the vital organs of tilapia due to ChF exposure. LC50 (24 h) was calculated as 52.78 μg/l by exposing tilapia with different acute concentrations of ChF. For assessment of sub-lethal toxicity of ChF, the fish were divided into four groups (ChF1, ChF2, ChF3, and control group). ChF1 group was treated with 1/15th of LC50, whereas ChF2 and ChF3 groups were treated with 1/10th and 1/5th of LC50, respectively for 14 days. After that, ChF induced changes in oxidative stress enzymes and histological alterations were evaluated. It was found that the level of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly in the liver of ChF-treated tilapia. Histological study of liver tissues showed an increased number of Kupffer cells, hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage. In the spleen of treated fish, increased melanomacrophage centers, necrosis, and congestion were detected. Disorganized muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fiber degeneration, and coagulative necrosis were observed in the heart of ChF-treated fish. It is concluded that sub-lethal concentrations of ChF can induce oxidative stress and histological alterations in the tissues of tilapia.