Materials and Manufacturing Techniques for Polymeric and Ceramic Scaffolds Used in Implant Dentistry

Preventive and regenerative techniques have been suggested to minimize the aesthetic and functional effects caused by intraoral bone defects, enabling the installation of dental implants. Among them, porous three-dimensional structures (scaffolds) composed mainly of bioabsorbable ceramics, such as h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of composites science 2021-03, Vol.5 (3), p.78
Main Authors: Özcan, Mutlu, Hotza, Dachamir, Fredel, Márcio Celso, Cruz, Ariadne, Volpato, Claudia Angela Maziero
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aesthetics
Biodegradability
Biomedical materials
Bones
Calcium phosphates
Ceramics
Dental implants
Dental materials
Dentistry
Disease prevention
Disease transmission
Glycosaminoglycans
Hydroxyapatite
Manufacturing
Microporosity
Morphology
Physical properties
Polyglycolic acid
Polylactic acid
Polymers
Polyvinyl alcohol
Porosity
Prostheses
Scaffolds
Skin & tissue grafts
Substitute bone
Surgical implants
Three dimensional printing
Tissue engineering
Titanium alloys
Trends
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Summary:Preventive and regenerative techniques have been suggested to minimize the aesthetic and functional effects caused by intraoral bone defects, enabling the installation of dental implants. Among them, porous three-dimensional structures (scaffolds) composed mainly of bioabsorbable ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) stand out for reducing the use of autogenous, homogeneous, and xenogenous bone grafts and their unwanted effects. In order to stimulate bone formation, biodegradable polymers such as cellulose, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB), polypropylenofumarate (PPF), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), and poly L-co-D, L lactic acid (PLDLA) have also been studied. More recently, hybrid scaffolds can combine the tunable macro/microporosity and osteoinductive properties of ceramic materials with the chemical/physical properties of biodegradable polymers. Various methods are suggested for the manufacture of scaffolds with adequate porosity, such as conventional and additive manufacturing techniques and, more recently, 3D and 4D printing. The purpose of this manuscript is to review features concerning biomaterials, scaffolds macro and microstructure, fabrication techniques, as well as the potential interaction of the scaffolds with the human body.
ISSN:2504-477X
2504-477X
DOI:10.3390/jcs5030078