Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used for resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent solutions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of selective ion removal utilizing different electrode materia...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energy & environmental science 2021-03, Vol.14 (3), p.195-112
Main Authors: Gamaethiralalage, J. G, Singh, K, Sahin, S, Yoon, J, Elimelech, M, Suss, M. E, Liang, P, Biesheuvel, P. M, Zornitta, R. L, de Smet, L. C. P. M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon
Cations
Deionization
Desalination
Electrode materials
Electrodes
Literature reviews
Membranes
Resource recovery
Saline solutions
Selectivity
Time dependence
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Summary:Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used for resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent solutions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of selective ion removal utilizing different electrode materials, carbon and non-carbon together with or without membranes, from a mixture of salt solutions, by a detailed review of the literature from the beginning until the state-of-the-art. In this venture, we review the advances made in the preparation, theoretical understanding, and the role of electrodes and membranes. We also describe how ion selectivity has been defined and used in literature. Finally, we present a theory of selective ion removal for intercalation materials that, for the first time, considers mixtures of different cations, evidencing the time-dependent selectivity of these electrodes. Fishing ions: this review provides a comprehensive analysis of different approaches in utilizing capacitive deionization (CDI) for selective ion separations and ion removal.
ISSN:1754-5692
1754-5706
DOI:10.1039/d0ee03145c