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Incidence and Characteristics of Co-infection and Secondary Infection in Patients with COVID-19
ABSTRACT Objective The etiology and epidemiology of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients remain unknown. The study aims to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly focusing on Streptococcus pneumoniae co-...
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creator | Guo, Yingyi Qu, Jiuxin Cheng, Lingling Li, Xiaohe Liu, Ningjing Li, Tungngai Jiang, Ying Qiao Wan Chuyue Zhuo Xiao, Shunian Liu, Baomo Chen, Yan Fu, Lin Chen, Zhixu Ma, Mingcong Chao Zhuo Zhong, Nanshan |
description | ABSTRACT Objective The etiology and epidemiology of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients remain unknown. The study aims to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly focusing on Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infections. Methods This study was a prospective, observational cohort study of the inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two designated hospitals in south China enrolled between Jan 11 and Feb 22, 2020. The urine specimen was collected on admission and applied for pneumococcal urinary antigen tests (PUATs). Demographic, clinical and microbiological data of patients were recorded simultaneously. Result A total of 146 patients with a confirm diagnosis of COVID-19 at the median age of 50.0 years (IQR 36.0-61.0) were enrolled, in which, 16 (11.0%) were classified as severe cases and 130 (89.0%) as non-severe cases. Of the enrolled patients, only 3 (2.1%) were considered to present the co-infection, in which 1 was co-infected with S.pneumoniae, 1 with B. Ovatus infection and the other one with Influenza A virus infection. Secondary infection occurred in 16 patients, with S. maltophilia as the most commonly isolated pathogen (43.8%), followed by P. aeruginosa (25.0%), E. aerogenes (25.0%), C. parapsilosis (25.0%) and A. fumigates (18.8%). Conclusion Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were rarely co-infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae or other pathogens, indicating that the application of antibiotics against CAP on admission may not be necessary in the treatment of COVID-19 cases. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1101/2021.01.06.425542 |
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The study aims to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly focusing on Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infections. Methods This study was a prospective, observational cohort study of the inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two designated hospitals in south China enrolled between Jan 11 and Feb 22, 2020. The urine specimen was collected on admission and applied for pneumococcal urinary antigen tests (PUATs). Demographic, clinical and microbiological data of patients were recorded simultaneously. Result A total of 146 patients with a confirm diagnosis of COVID-19 at the median age of 50.0 years (IQR 36.0-61.0) were enrolled, in which, 16 (11.0%) were classified as severe cases and 130 (89.0%) as non-severe cases. Of the enrolled patients, only 3 (2.1%) were considered to present the co-infection, in which 1 was co-infected with S.pneumoniae, 1 with B. Ovatus infection and the other one with Influenza A virus infection. Secondary infection occurred in 16 patients, with S. maltophilia as the most commonly isolated pathogen (43.8%), followed by P. aeruginosa (25.0%), E. aerogenes (25.0%), C. parapsilosis (25.0%) and A. fumigates (18.8%). Conclusion Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were rarely co-infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae or other pathogens, indicating that the application of antibiotics against CAP on admission may not be necessary in the treatment of COVID-19 cases.</description><identifier>DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.06.425542</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</publisher><subject>Antibiotics ; Concurrent infection ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Epidemiology ; Etiology ; Influenza A ; Pathogens ; Patients ; Secondary infection ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><ispartof>bioRxiv, 2021-01</ispartof><rights>2021. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (“the License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2505886829?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>780,784,27925,38516,43895</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2505886829?pq-origsite=primo$$EView_record_in_ProQuest$$FView_record_in_$$GProQuest$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Yingyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Jiuxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Lingling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaohe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ningjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Tungngai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiao Wan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chuyue Zhuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Shunian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Baomo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhixu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Mingcong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao Zhuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Nanshan</creatorcontrib><title>Incidence and Characteristics of Co-infection and Secondary Infection in Patients with COVID-19</title><title>bioRxiv</title><description>ABSTRACT Objective The etiology and epidemiology of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients remain unknown. The study aims to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly focusing on Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infections. Methods This study was a prospective, observational cohort study of the inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two designated hospitals in south China enrolled between Jan 11 and Feb 22, 2020. The urine specimen was collected on admission and applied for pneumococcal urinary antigen tests (PUATs). Demographic, clinical and microbiological data of patients were recorded simultaneously. Result A total of 146 patients with a confirm diagnosis of COVID-19 at the median age of 50.0 years (IQR 36.0-61.0) were enrolled, in which, 16 (11.0%) were classified as severe cases and 130 (89.0%) as non-severe cases. Of the enrolled patients, only 3 (2.1%) were considered to present the co-infection, in which 1 was co-infected with S.pneumoniae, 1 with B. Ovatus infection and the other one with Influenza A virus infection. Secondary infection occurred in 16 patients, with S. maltophilia as the most commonly isolated pathogen (43.8%), followed by P. aeruginosa (25.0%), E. aerogenes (25.0%), C. parapsilosis (25.0%) and A. fumigates (18.8%). Conclusion Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were rarely co-infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae or other pathogens, indicating that the application of antibiotics against CAP on admission may not be necessary in the treatment of COVID-19 cases.</description><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Concurrent infection</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Influenza A</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Secondary infection</subject><subject>Streptococcus infections</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNo9jU1LxDAURbNxIaM_wF3AdWuSJk2zlPpVGBjBwW15eX1hMgzJ2GYQ_72DinDhwuFyLmM3UtRSCnmnhJK1OKettTJGq0s2DgnjRAmJQ5p4v4MZsNAclxJx4TnwPlcxBcISc_rZvBHmNMH8xYd_HhN_hRIplYV_xrLj_eZ9eKiku2IXAQ4LXf_1im2fHrf9S7XePA_9_bo6WqkqckFT20xgSIVGea0nDSitd86R8Ea1nVXeWwsSgwShDYJFLxCtJwe-WbHbX-1xzh8nWsq4z6c5nR9HZYTpurZTrvkGIXlPaw</recordid><startdate>20210106</startdate><enddate>20210106</enddate><creator>Guo, Yingyi</creator><creator>Qu, Jiuxin</creator><creator>Cheng, Lingling</creator><creator>Li, Xiaohe</creator><creator>Liu, Ningjing</creator><creator>Li, Tungngai</creator><creator>Jiang, Ying</creator><creator>Qiao Wan</creator><creator>Chuyue Zhuo</creator><creator>Xiao, Shunian</creator><creator>Liu, Baomo</creator><creator>Chen, Yan</creator><creator>Fu, Lin</creator><creator>Chen, Zhixu</creator><creator>Ma, Mingcong</creator><creator>Chao Zhuo</creator><creator>Zhong, Nanshan</creator><general>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</general><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>AAFGM</scope><scope>AAMXL</scope><scope>ABOIG</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>ADZZV</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AFLLJ</scope><scope>AFOLM</scope><scope>AGAJT</scope><scope>AQTIP</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQCXX</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210106</creationdate><title>Incidence and Characteristics of Co-infection and Secondary Infection in Patients with COVID-19</title><author>Guo, Yingyi ; Qu, Jiuxin ; Cheng, Lingling ; Li, Xiaohe ; Liu, Ningjing ; Li, Tungngai ; Jiang, Ying ; Qiao Wan ; Chuyue Zhuo ; Xiao, Shunian ; Liu, Baomo ; Chen, Yan ; Fu, Lin ; Chen, Zhixu ; Ma, Mingcong ; Chao Zhuo ; Zhong, Nanshan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p712-e9f4e63da5e2f32b44d4ac17b999e0b526872bb77a1cf1a045ca7cb0cc7be9ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Concurrent infection</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Influenza A</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Secondary infection</topic><topic>Streptococcus infections</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, Yingyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Jiuxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Lingling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaohe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ningjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Tungngai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiao Wan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chuyue Zhuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Shunian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Baomo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhixu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Mingcong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao Zhuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Nanshan</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Yingyi</au><au>Qu, Jiuxin</au><au>Cheng, Lingling</au><au>Li, Xiaohe</au><au>Liu, Ningjing</au><au>Li, Tungngai</au><au>Jiang, Ying</au><au>Qiao Wan</au><au>Chuyue Zhuo</au><au>Xiao, Shunian</au><au>Liu, Baomo</au><au>Chen, Yan</au><au>Fu, Lin</au><au>Chen, Zhixu</au><au>Ma, Mingcong</au><au>Chao Zhuo</au><au>Zhong, Nanshan</au><format>book</format><genre>document</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><atitle>Incidence and Characteristics of Co-infection and Secondary Infection in Patients with COVID-19</atitle><jtitle>bioRxiv</jtitle><date>2021-01-06</date><risdate>2021</risdate><abstract>ABSTRACT Objective The etiology and epidemiology of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients remain unknown. The study aims to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly focusing on Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infections. Methods This study was a prospective, observational cohort study of the inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two designated hospitals in south China enrolled between Jan 11 and Feb 22, 2020. The urine specimen was collected on admission and applied for pneumococcal urinary antigen tests (PUATs). Demographic, clinical and microbiological data of patients were recorded simultaneously. Result A total of 146 patients with a confirm diagnosis of COVID-19 at the median age of 50.0 years (IQR 36.0-61.0) were enrolled, in which, 16 (11.0%) were classified as severe cases and 130 (89.0%) as non-severe cases. Of the enrolled patients, only 3 (2.1%) were considered to present the co-infection, in which 1 was co-infected with S.pneumoniae, 1 with B. Ovatus infection and the other one with Influenza A virus infection. Secondary infection occurred in 16 patients, with S. maltophilia as the most commonly isolated pathogen (43.8%), followed by P. aeruginosa (25.0%), E. aerogenes (25.0%), C. parapsilosis (25.0%) and A. fumigates (18.8%). Conclusion Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were rarely co-infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae or other pathogens, indicating that the application of antibiotics against CAP on admission may not be necessary in the treatment of COVID-19 cases.</abstract><cop>Cold Spring Harbor</cop><pub>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</pub><doi>10.1101/2021.01.06.425542</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Antibiotics Concurrent infection Coronaviruses COVID-19 Epidemiology Etiology Influenza A Pathogens Patients Secondary infection Streptococcus infections Streptococcus pneumoniae |
title | Incidence and Characteristics of Co-infection and Secondary Infection in Patients with COVID-19 |
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