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Tribological Interaction of Plasma-Functionalized CaCO3 Nanoparticles with Zinc and Ashless Dithiophosphate Additives
Surface-modified CaCO 3 nanoparticles, synthesized through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), were employed to improve lubricant additive technology for internal combustion engines via reduction and/or replacement of additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), in engine o...
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| Published in: | Tribology letters 2021-06, Vol.69 (2), Article 49 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-e20a68a3471c0ec61ade8216ea14a120d20d3aabfce087bc507853e47f7950da3 |
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| container_title | Tribology letters |
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| creator | Vyavhare, Kimaya Timmons, Richard B. Erdemir, Ali Aswath, Pranesh B. |
| description | Surface-modified CaCO
3
nanoparticles, synthesized through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), were employed to improve lubricant additive technology for internal combustion engines via reduction and/or replacement of additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), in engine oil. Various oil formulations were prepared with functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles, in combination with ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate (DDP) and ZDDP at low concentrations of phosphorus. Tribological test results indicate synergistic interaction of functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles with ZDDP and DDP, providing enhanced friction and wear performance under boundary lubrication. A comparative study of the tribo-surfaces morphology and chemistry was assessed via atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Improved wear protection by functionalized CaCO
3
BM (borate and methacrylate coated) nanoparticles under boundary lubrication was attributed to the formation of calcium and boron-rich 50–80 nm thick tribofilms on the worn surfaces. XANES results revealed that plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles interact with ZDDP and DDP and participate in tribofilm formation through tribo-chemical reactions and metal cation supply to form stable and wear-resistant tribofilms. These results provide strong support for the potential application of plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nano-additives to reduce the concentration of harmful P-based additives in automotive lubricants.
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11249-021-01423-z |
| format | article |
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3
nanoparticles, synthesized through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), were employed to improve lubricant additive technology for internal combustion engines via reduction and/or replacement of additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), in engine oil. Various oil formulations were prepared with functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles, in combination with ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate (DDP) and ZDDP at low concentrations of phosphorus. Tribological test results indicate synergistic interaction of functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles with ZDDP and DDP, providing enhanced friction and wear performance under boundary lubrication. A comparative study of the tribo-surfaces morphology and chemistry was assessed via atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Improved wear protection by functionalized CaCO
3
BM (borate and methacrylate coated) nanoparticles under boundary lubrication was attributed to the formation of calcium and boron-rich 50–80 nm thick tribofilms on the worn surfaces. XANES results revealed that plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles interact with ZDDP and DDP and participate in tribofilm formation through tribo-chemical reactions and metal cation supply to form stable and wear-resistant tribofilms. These results provide strong support for the potential application of plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nano-additives to reduce the concentration of harmful P-based additives in automotive lubricants.
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 1023-8883</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2711</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11249-021-01423-z</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Additives ; Atomic force microscopy ; Automotive engines ; Boundary lubrication ; Calcium carbonate ; Chemical reactions ; Chemical synthesis ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Comparative studies ; Corrosion and Coatings ; Formulations ; Internal combustion engines ; Low concentrations ; Lubricants ; Lubricants & lubrication ; Lubrication ; Materials Science ; Morphology ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Original Paper ; Physical Chemistry ; Plasma ; Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics ; Thin Films ; Tribology ; Wear resistance ; X ray absorption ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Tribology letters, 2021-06, Vol.69 (2), Article 49</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-e20a68a3471c0ec61ade8216ea14a120d20d3aabfce087bc507853e47f7950da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-e20a68a3471c0ec61ade8216ea14a120d20d3aabfce087bc507853e47f7950da3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2885-1918</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vyavhare, Kimaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timmons, Richard B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erdemir, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aswath, Pranesh B.</creatorcontrib><title>Tribological Interaction of Plasma-Functionalized CaCO3 Nanoparticles with Zinc and Ashless Dithiophosphate Additives</title><title>Tribology letters</title><addtitle>Tribol Lett</addtitle><description>Surface-modified CaCO
3
nanoparticles, synthesized through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), were employed to improve lubricant additive technology for internal combustion engines via reduction and/or replacement of additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), in engine oil. Various oil formulations were prepared with functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles, in combination with ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate (DDP) and ZDDP at low concentrations of phosphorus. Tribological test results indicate synergistic interaction of functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles with ZDDP and DDP, providing enhanced friction and wear performance under boundary lubrication. A comparative study of the tribo-surfaces morphology and chemistry was assessed via atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Improved wear protection by functionalized CaCO
3
BM (borate and methacrylate coated) nanoparticles under boundary lubrication was attributed to the formation of calcium and boron-rich 50–80 nm thick tribofilms on the worn surfaces. XANES results revealed that plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles interact with ZDDP and DDP and participate in tribofilm formation through tribo-chemical reactions and metal cation supply to form stable and wear-resistant tribofilms. These results provide strong support for the potential application of plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nano-additives to reduce the concentration of harmful P-based additives in automotive lubricants.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Atomic force microscopy</subject><subject>Automotive engines</subject><subject>Boundary lubrication</subject><subject>Calcium carbonate</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Corrosion and Coatings</subject><subject>Formulations</subject><subject>Internal combustion engines</subject><subject>Low concentrations</subject><subject>Lubricants</subject><subject>Lubricants & lubrication</subject><subject>Lubrication</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Theoretical and Applied Mechanics</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Tribology</subject><subject>Wear resistance</subject><subject>X ray absorption</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1023-8883</issn><issn>1573-2711</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LAzEQxYMoWKtfwFPA8-ok2X89ltVqoVgP9eIlTLPZbsp2sya7iv30xlbwJgzM8Hi_B_MIuWZwywCyO88YjycRcBYBi7mI9idkxJJMRDxj7DTcEMQ8z8U5ufB-CxCwPBmRYeXM2jZ2YxQ2dN722qHqjW2prehLg36H0WxoDxI2Zq9LWmCxFPQZW9uh641qtKefpq_pm2kVxbakU18H0dP7oBrb1dZ3NfaaTsvS9OZD-0tyVmHj9dXvHpPX2cOqeIoWy8d5MV1ESqSijzQHTHMUccYUaJUyLHXOWaqRxcg4lGEE4rpSGvJsrRLI8kToOKuySQIlijG5OeZ2zr4P2vdyawcXHvGSJwHhACCCix9dylnvna5k58wO3ZdkIH_qlcd6ZahXHuqV-wCJI-SDud1o9xf9D_UNM-Z_nw</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Vyavhare, Kimaya</creator><creator>Timmons, Richard B.</creator><creator>Erdemir, Ali</creator><creator>Aswath, Pranesh B.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-1918</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>Tribological Interaction of Plasma-Functionalized CaCO3 Nanoparticles with Zinc and Ashless Dithiophosphate Additives</title><author>Vyavhare, Kimaya ; Timmons, Richard B. ; Erdemir, Ali ; Aswath, Pranesh B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c363t-e20a68a3471c0ec61ade8216ea14a120d20d3aabfce087bc507853e47f7950da3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Atomic force microscopy</topic><topic>Automotive engines</topic><topic>Boundary lubrication</topic><topic>Calcium carbonate</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Corrosion and Coatings</topic><topic>Formulations</topic><topic>Internal combustion engines</topic><topic>Low concentrations</topic><topic>Lubricants</topic><topic>Lubricants & lubrication</topic><topic>Lubrication</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Theoretical and Applied Mechanics</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><topic>Tribology</topic><topic>Wear resistance</topic><topic>X ray absorption</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vyavhare, Kimaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timmons, Richard B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erdemir, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aswath, Pranesh B.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><jtitle>Tribology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vyavhare, Kimaya</au><au>Timmons, Richard B.</au><au>Erdemir, Ali</au><au>Aswath, Pranesh B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tribological Interaction of Plasma-Functionalized CaCO3 Nanoparticles with Zinc and Ashless Dithiophosphate Additives</atitle><jtitle>Tribology letters</jtitle><stitle>Tribol Lett</stitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><artnum>49</artnum><issn>1023-8883</issn><eissn>1573-2711</eissn><abstract>Surface-modified CaCO
3
nanoparticles, synthesized through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), were employed to improve lubricant additive technology for internal combustion engines via reduction and/or replacement of additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), in engine oil. Various oil formulations were prepared with functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles, in combination with ashless dialkyl dithiophosphate (DDP) and ZDDP at low concentrations of phosphorus. Tribological test results indicate synergistic interaction of functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles with ZDDP and DDP, providing enhanced friction and wear performance under boundary lubrication. A comparative study of the tribo-surfaces morphology and chemistry was assessed via atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Improved wear protection by functionalized CaCO
3
BM (borate and methacrylate coated) nanoparticles under boundary lubrication was attributed to the formation of calcium and boron-rich 50–80 nm thick tribofilms on the worn surfaces. XANES results revealed that plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nanoparticles interact with ZDDP and DDP and participate in tribofilm formation through tribo-chemical reactions and metal cation supply to form stable and wear-resistant tribofilms. These results provide strong support for the potential application of plasma-functionalized CaCO
3
nano-additives to reduce the concentration of harmful P-based additives in automotive lubricants.
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| ispartof | Tribology letters, 2021-06, Vol.69 (2), Article 49 |
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| subjects | Additives Atomic force microscopy Automotive engines Boundary lubrication Calcium carbonate Chemical reactions Chemical synthesis Chemistry and Materials Science Comparative studies Corrosion and Coatings Formulations Internal combustion engines Low concentrations Lubricants Lubricants & lubrication Lubrication Materials Science Morphology Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Original Paper Physical Chemistry Plasma Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition Surfaces and Interfaces Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Thin Films Tribology Wear resistance X ray absorption Zinc |
| title | Tribological Interaction of Plasma-Functionalized CaCO3 Nanoparticles with Zinc and Ashless Dithiophosphate Additives |
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