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A Pleistocene deposit preserved in deep karst at Coolough, County Galway, western Ireland

Buried karst features result from a complex interplay between carbonate bedrock and structural geology. The enhancement of carbonate aquifers through this interplay creates hydrogeologically complex subsurface drainage networks and highly variable surface topographies. This article reports on the se...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geological journal (Chichester, England) England), 2021-04, Vol.56 (4), p.1897-1910
Main Authors: Dolan, Megan J., McCabe, Bryan A., Molloy, Karen, Murray, John, Henry, Tiernan, Daly, Eve, O'Leary, David
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Buried karst features result from a complex interplay between carbonate bedrock and structural geology. The enhancement of carbonate aquifers through this interplay creates hydrogeologically complex subsurface drainage networks and highly variable surface topographies. This article reports on the sediment fill and fossil pollen record from a large enclosed negative karst landform at Coolough, near Galway City in the west of Ireland. The landform was discovered during the preliminary site investigation for the proposed N6 Galway City Ring Road. Major joint sets developed in the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Limestone bedrock govern the local hydrogeology and structural evidence suggests that a local fault has controlled the east–west propagation of the deep enclosed depression. Fluvial and lacustrine palaeoenvironments are interpreted from the sediments infilling the enclosed depression, within which three discrete diamicts are identified, potentially representing distinct phases of glaciation. Pollen assemblages, which reflect palaeoenvironments of open woods and grasslands, have been correlated with other deposits in Ireland and Europe and suggest a minimum date of the Early Pleistocene for the oldest of the diamicts, and thus an upper age limit on the development of the karst depression. Fluvial disturbance to the deposit is evident and is likely to be responsible for the chronological discrepancy between the Early Pleistocene and Middle Pleistocene sediments both recorded from the deposit infill. The findings of this multidisciplinary study contribute to an understanding of Quaternary landscape evolution in western Ireland. Photomicrograph of a singular Tsuga pollen grain retrieved from sediment fill preserved in a large enclosed negative karst landform at Coolough, near Galway City in the west of Ireland. The discovery of this taxon and others suggest that the deposit dates to the Early Quaternary. The Coolough deposit hosts fluvial, lacustrine, and glacial sediments from which three deglaciation events have been interpreted, along with woodland and grassland palaeoenvironments.
ISSN:0072-1050
1099-1034
DOI:10.1002/gj.4029