Nanoscale differentiation of surfaces and cores for olivine phosphate particles—a key characteristic of practical battery materials

We provide a review of our recent studies on the surface chemistries and electronic structures of olivine phosphate cathode materials LiMPO 4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Li-depletion and mixed oxidation for the transition metal ions have been detected on particle surfaces, across the family of metal phosp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JPhys Energy 2021-07, Vol.3 (3), p.32004
Main Authors: Zhang, Y, Alarco, J A, Khosravi, M, Mackinnon, I D R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cathodes
Depletion
Electrode materials
Ions
Iron
Lithium
Manganese
Nickel
Olivine
Optical properties
Oxidation
Transition metals
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Summary:We provide a review of our recent studies on the surface chemistries and electronic structures of olivine phosphate cathode materials LiMPO 4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Li-depletion and mixed oxidation for the transition metal ions have been detected on particle surfaces, across the family of metal phosphate cathode materials. The effects of surface Li-depletion on optical properties and electronic band structures are discussed. LiFePO 4 doped with metals or ions that are reported in the literature as beneficial for rate capability enhancement show more pronounced surface Li-depletion and mixed oxidation compared to undoped material. This outcome, among others, indicates that the dopant resides predominantly on, and influences, the surface of cathode materials.
ISSN:2515-7655
2515-7655
DOI:10.1088/2515-7655/abe2f5