Biosynthesis and industrial applications of α-amylase: a review

Amylase is amongst the most indispensable enzymes that have a large number of applications in laboratories and industries. Mostly, α-amylase is synthesized from microbes such as bacteria, fungi and yeast. Due to the high demand for α-amylase, its synthesis can be enhanced using recombinant DNA techn...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of microbiology 2021-05, Vol.203 (4), p.1281-1292
Main Authors: Farooq, Muhammad Adeel, Ali, Shaukat, Hassan, Ali, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Mumtaz, Samaira, Mumtaz, Shumaila
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha-Amylases - biosynthesis
alpha-Amylases - genetics
alpha-Amylases - metabolism
Amylases
Bacteria - metabolism
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Calcium
Calcium ions
Carbon - metabolism
Carbon sources
Cell Biology
Ecology
Fermentation
Food conversion
Food industry
Fungi - metabolism
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Industrial applications
Industry
Iodine
Life Sciences
Magnesium
Metals
Microbial Ecology
Microbiology
Mini-Review
Nitrogen - metabolism
Nitrogen sources
pH effects
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant Proteins - biosynthesis
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
Starch
Temperature
Yeasts
α-Amylase
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Summary:Amylase is amongst the most indispensable enzymes that have a large number of applications in laboratories and industries. Mostly, α-amylase is synthesized from microbes such as bacteria, fungi and yeast. Due to the high demand for α-amylase, its synthesis can be enhanced using recombinant DNA technology, different fermentation methods, less expensive and good carbon and nitrogen sources, and optimizing the various parameters during fermentation, e.g., temperature, pH and fermentation duration. Various methods are used to measure the production and activity of synthesized α-amylase like iodine, DNS, NS and dextrinizing methods. The activity of crude α-amylase can be elevated to the maximum level by optimizing the temperature and pH. Some metals also interact with α-amylase and increase its activity like K + , Na + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ . Some industries such as starch conversion, food, detergent, paper, textile industries and fuel alcohol production extensively utilize α-amylase for their various purposes.
ISSN:0302-8933
1432-072X
DOI:10.1007/s00203-020-02128-y