Live and let die: centromere loss during evolution of plant chromosomes

Functional centromeres, ensuring regular chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis, are a prerequisite for the evolutionary success of pre-existing and new chromosome variants. The rapid progress in plant comparative genomics and cytogenetics brings new insights into the evolutionary fate of cen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:New Phytologist 2014-09, Vol.203 (4), p.1082-1089
Main Author: Lysak, Martin A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
centromere inactivation
centromere repositioning
Centromeres
Chromatin
Chromosome number
Chromosome rearrangements
Chromosome translocation
Chromosomes
Collinearity
Corn
Cytogenetics
dicentric chromosomes
dysploidy
Epigenetics
Evolution
Evolutionary genetics
Genomes
Inactivation
karyotype evolution
Meiosis
Mitosis
nested chromosome insertion
Plants
Ploidies
Recombination
Relocation
Research review
Segregation
terminal chromosome translocation
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Summary:Functional centromeres, ensuring regular chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis, are a prerequisite for the evolutionary success of pre-existing and new chromosome variants. The rapid progress in plant comparative genomics and cytogenetics brings new insights into the evolutionary fate of centromeres and mechanisms of chromosome number reduction (descending dysploidy). Centromere loss and relocation in chromosome regions with otherwise conserved collinearity can be explained by conventional mechanisms of chromosome rearrangements or, as newly available phylogenomic and cytogenomic data suggest, by centromere inactivation through epigenetic chromatin modifications and/or intra- and inter-chromosomal recombination.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.12885