Improvement of combustion and emission by combined combustion of ethanol premix and gasoline direct injection in SI engine

• Published in: Fuel (Guildford) 2021-05, Vol.292, p.120403, Article 120403
• Main Authors: Liu, Ze, Sun, Ping, Du, Yaodong, Yu, Xiumin, Dong, Wei, Zhou, Jiangdong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accumulation; Alternative fuels; Braking; Combustion; Efficiency; Emission reduction; Emissions; Ethanol; Ethanol port injection; Exhaust emissions; Fuel technology; Gasoline; Gasoline direct injection; Injection; Nitrogen oxides; Nucleation; Particle number and distribution; Spark ignition; Thermodynamic efficiency; Torque
• ISSN: 0016-2361; 1873-7153
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120403

•Realizes an injection mode of ethanol port injection plus gasoline direct injection.•G25 is conducive to better combustion and low gaseous emissions.•The NPN emissions increased with the proportion of ethanol rising.•Ethanol has positive effects on the oxidation of accumulation mode particle. In this paper, a test platform for ethanol port injection plus gasoline direct injection was built to explore the effects of different ethanol-gasoline ratios (Re), direct injection timing (DIT) and ignition timing (IT) on the combustion and emissions of a SI engine. Results clearly show that when the total fuel contains more ethanol, the ignition timing corresponding to the maximum torque is smaller than the ignition timing when the total fuel contains more gasoline. Compared with the sole ethanol port injection (EPI) mode and gasoline direct injection (GDI) mode, G25 with EPI + GDI is the best mode for high-efficiency combustion and G25 with IT = 20°CA BTDC and DIT = 120°CA BTDC can be regarded as the optimal operating condition for highest torque output, braking thermal efficiency and lowest BSFC. As for exhaust emissions, CO and HC reach the lowest at G25 while NOx has an opposite trend. Delayed ignition within the range of 10-30°CA BTDC reduces HC and NOx emissions. As for particle number emissions, the size of peak particle number gradually decreases from G100 to G0, the accumulation particle number (APN) is further oxidized and shows a significant downward trend with the increase of ethanol. The lowest TPN was obtained at G25 in which the TPN has dropped by 9% and 85% respectively compared with sole EPI and GDI mode. When Re ≥ 50%, the nucleation mode particle number (NPN) in the total particle distribution is higher than the accumulation mode particle number, while there is an opposite result when Re＜50%. Overall, the findings of this paper make contributions to the development of high-efficiency and low-pollution combined engines and further promote the application of clean alternative fuels.