Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of WRF-Simulated Rainfall, 2-m Air Temperature, and 2-m Relative Humidity over the Urban Region of Bangalore, India

• Published in: Pure and applied geophysics 2021-03, Vol.178 (3), p.1105-1120
• Main Authors: Bhimala, Kantha Rao, Gouda, Krushna Chandra, Himesh, S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air pollution; Air temperature; Anthropogenic factors; Atmospheric precipitations; Automatic weather stations; Bias; Convective available potential energy; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Humidity; Industrial areas; Mathematical models; Model accuracy; Model matching; Monsoon intensity; Monsoon rainfall; Morphology; Potential energy; Rain; Rain gauges; Rainfall; Rainfall forecasting; Rainfall simulators; Relative humidity; Simulated rainfall; Simulation; Spatial distribution; Spatial variability; Spatial variations; Urban areas; Weather forecasting
• ISSN: 0033-4553; 1420-9136
• DOI: 10.1007/s00024-021-02676-4

The present study evaluates the skill of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate high-resolution rainfall, 2-m air temperature ( T 2m ), and 2-m relative humidity (RH 2m ) over the metropolitan city of Bangalore, India. The novelty of the present study is that the WRF model simulations were carried out for ten different rain intensities during the monsoon season and compared with in situ observations from a high-density rain gauge network (81 rain gauge stations) and automatic weather stations (AWS) located over Bangalore. Our analysis shows that the model underestimated (bias score