Political analysis of the adoption of the Zero-Budget natural farming program in Andhra Pradesh, India

• Published in: Agroecology and sustainable food systems 2021-07, Vol.45 (6), p.907-930
• Main Authors: Veluguri, Divya, Bump, Jesse B., Venkateshmurthy, Nikhil Srinivasapura, Mohan, Sailesh, Pulugurtha, Karthik Teja, Jaacks, Lindsay M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural policy; Agroecology; Budgets; Bureaucracy; Civil society; Environmental degradation; Farmers; Farming; organic; Organic farming; political economy; rural development; Sustainable agriculture; sustainable development
• ISSN: 2168-3565; 2168-3573
• DOI: 10.1080/21683565.2021.1901832

Input-driven agriculture has led to an epidemic of impoverishment, farmer suicides, and environmental degradation in India, but has also shown consistent staying power in Indian politics. We examine the case of organic farming policy adoption to explore this paradox. Specifically, our objective was to evaluate how the state-wide Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) program (now formally known as Community Managed Natural Farming) in Andhra Pradesh, India came to be. Evidence was drawn from government documents, field notes from a ZBNF workshop and farmer interactions, and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Results suggest that advocacy of civil society networks, champions within the bureaucracy, emphasis on rural livelihoods, and the 20-year history of consensus building around agroecology all played a key role in the adoption of the ZBNF program in this state. Given the possibility of scaling up ZBNF at the national level, our analysis of the enabling environment is especially timely.