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Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents
Objectives To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations. Methods Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed i...
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| Published in: | American journal of human biology 2021-05, Vol.33 (3), p.e23470-n/a |
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| container_title | American journal of human biology |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Silventoinen, Karri Maia, José Jelenkovic, Aline Pereira, Sara Gouveia, Élvio Antunes, António Thomis, Martine Lefevre, Johan Kaprio, Jaakko Freitas, Duarte |
| description | Objectives
To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations.
Methods
Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3‐11 years) and adolescents (12‐18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling.
Results
No genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a2 = 0.80‐0.93), physical fitness traits (a2 = 0.67‐0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r = 0.25‐0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (−0.46 to −0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more).
Conclusions
Associations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ajhb.23470 |
| format | article |
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To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations.
Methods
Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3‐11 years) and adolescents (12‐18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling.
Results
No genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a2 = 0.80‐0.93), physical fitness traits (a2 = 0.67‐0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r = 0.25‐0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (−0.46 to −0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more).
Conclusions
Associations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1042-0533</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6300</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23470</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32638469</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescents ; Anthropometry ; Children ; Endurance ; Environmental factors ; Gender aspects ; Genetic analysis ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic factors ; Genetics ; Girls ; Heritability ; Motor ability ; Muscle strength ; Physical fitness ; Quantitative genetics ; Sex differences ; Teenagers ; Youth</subject><ispartof>American journal of human biology, 2021-05, Vol.33 (3), p.e23470-n/a</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2020 The Authors. American Journal of Human Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4180-fce39ce74fba8cbd31100b384645ee06947cf1e9fa7e3325bd7ce77cf7440fe43</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1759-3079 ; 0000-0002-4661-3879</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27915,27916</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638469$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Silventoinen, Karri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maia, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jelenkovic, Aline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gouveia, Élvio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antunes, António</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomis, Martine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lefevre, Johan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaprio, Jaakko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitas, Duarte</creatorcontrib><title>Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents</title><title>American journal of human biology</title><addtitle>Am J Hum Biol</addtitle><description>Objectives
To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations.
Methods
Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3‐11 years) and adolescents (12‐18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling.
Results
No genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a2 = 0.80‐0.93), physical fitness traits (a2 = 0.67‐0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r = 0.25‐0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (−0.46 to −0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more).
Conclusions
Associations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique.</description><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Anthropometry</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Endurance</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Gender aspects</subject><subject>Genetic analysis</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Heritability</subject><subject>Motor ability</subject><subject>Muscle strength</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Quantitative genetics</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Youth</subject><issn>1042-0533</issn><issn>1520-6300</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK1e_AES8Cakzn7k61iLtkrBi56XzWaWbkmTmE2Q_Hu3TfXoaYbh4Z2Zh5BbCnMKwB7VbpvPGRcJnJEpjRiEMQc49z0IFkLE-YRcObcDgCyG9JJMOIt5KuJsSlYrrLCz2gW1CVy9V13dDQ0GqiqCZjs4q1UZGNtV6Fxgq0BvbVm0WB0BVdQlOo1V567JhVGlw5tTnZHPl-eP5TrcvK9el4tNqAVNITQaeaYxESZXqc4LTv0H-eEWESFCnIlEG4qZUQlyzqK8SDztZ4kQYFDwGbkfc5u2_urRdXJX923lV0oWsShKKGWppx5GSre1cy0a2bR2r9pBUpAHZ_LgTB6defjuFNnneyz-0F9JHqAj8G1LHP6Jkou39dMY-gOAEnap</recordid><startdate>202105</startdate><enddate>202105</enddate><creator>Silventoinen, Karri</creator><creator>Maia, José</creator><creator>Jelenkovic, Aline</creator><creator>Pereira, Sara</creator><creator>Gouveia, Élvio</creator><creator>Antunes, António</creator><creator>Thomis, Martine</creator><creator>Lefevre, Johan</creator><creator>Kaprio, Jaakko</creator><creator>Freitas, Duarte</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-3079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-3879</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202105</creationdate><title>Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents</title><author>Silventoinen, Karri ; Maia, José ; Jelenkovic, Aline ; Pereira, Sara ; Gouveia, Élvio ; Antunes, António ; Thomis, Martine ; Lefevre, Johan ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Freitas, Duarte</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4180-fce39ce74fba8cbd31100b384645ee06947cf1e9fa7e3325bd7ce77cf7440fe43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Anthropometry</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Endurance</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Gender aspects</topic><topic>Genetic analysis</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic factors</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Girls</topic><topic>Heritability</topic><topic>Motor ability</topic><topic>Muscle strength</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Quantitative genetics</topic><topic>Sex differences</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Youth</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Silventoinen, Karri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maia, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jelenkovic, Aline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gouveia, Élvio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antunes, António</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomis, Martine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lefevre, Johan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaprio, Jaakko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitas, Duarte</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>American journal of human biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Silventoinen, Karri</au><au>Maia, José</au><au>Jelenkovic, Aline</au><au>Pereira, Sara</au><au>Gouveia, Élvio</au><au>Antunes, António</au><au>Thomis, Martine</au><au>Lefevre, Johan</au><au>Kaprio, Jaakko</au><au>Freitas, Duarte</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents</atitle><jtitle>American journal of human biology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Hum Biol</addtitle><date>2021-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e23470</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e23470-n/a</pages><issn>1042-0533</issn><eissn>1520-6300</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations.
Methods
Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3‐11 years) and adolescents (12‐18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling.
Results
No genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a2 = 0.80‐0.93), physical fitness traits (a2 = 0.67‐0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r = 0.25‐0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (−0.46 to −0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more).
Conclusions
Associations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>32638469</pmid><doi>10.1002/ajhb.23470</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-3079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-3879</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley |
| subjects | Adolescents Anthropometry Children Endurance Environmental factors Gender aspects Genetic analysis Genetic diversity Genetic factors Genetics Girls Heritability Motor ability Muscle strength Physical fitness Quantitative genetics Sex differences Teenagers Youth |
| title | Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents |
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