Effect of different drying methods on product quality, bioactive and toxic components of Ginkgo biloba L. seed

BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba seeds are used as a functional food across Asia. However, the presence of toxic compounds has limited their application. In this study, freeze drying, infrared drying, hot‐air drying and pulsed‐vacuum drying were used to dry G. biloba seeds. A comprehensive analysis was perf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2021-06, Vol.101 (8), p.3290-3297
Main Authors: Boateng, Isaac Duah, Yang, Xiao‐Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylamide
Air drying
Antioxidants
Bioactive compounds
Biocompatibility
Biological activity
Cyanides
Freeze drying
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Ginkgo biloba
ginkgo seeds
ginkgolic acid
ginkgotoxin
Product quality
Seeds
sensory analysis
terpene trilactones
Vacuum drying
Vacuum packaging
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Summary:BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba seeds are used as a functional food across Asia. However, the presence of toxic compounds has limited their application. In this study, freeze drying, infrared drying, hot‐air drying and pulsed‐vacuum drying were used to dry G. biloba seeds. A comprehensive analysis was performed on their product quality, antioxidant activities, bioactive and toxic components. RESULTS Results showed that the drying methods had a significant influence on product quality with freeze drying being superior due to the minimal microstructural damage, followed by infrared drying and pulsed‐vacuum drying. Infrared‐dried product possessed the strongest antioxidant activities and higher bioactive compound content than hot‐air‐dried and pulsed‐vacuum‐dried product. Toxic compounds in fresh G. biloba seeds (ginkgotoxin, ginkgolic acid and cyanide) were reduced markedly by drying. Ginkgotoxin was reduced fourfold, and the contents of acrylamide, ginkgolic acid and cyanide in dried G. biloba seeds were reduced to the scope of safety. Amongst the four drying methods, infrared drying had the shortest drying time, and its product showed higher quality and bioactive compound content, and stronger antioxidant activities. CONCLUSIONS These findings will offer salient information for selecting a drying method during the processing of ginkgo seeds. Infrared drying could be considered as a multiple‐effect drying method in the processing of ginkgo seeds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
ISSN:0022-5142
1097-0010
DOI:10.1002/jsfa.10958