Bioefficacy of two indigenous Nigerian botanicals on the developmental stages of malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles [Diptera: Culicidae]

• Published in: International journal of tropical insect science 2021-06, Vol.41 (2), p.999-1010
• Main Authors: Ileke, Kayode David, Adu, Babasola Williams, Olabimi, Isaac Omotayo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anopheles gambiae; Aquatic insects; Bioassays; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Clerodendrum volubile; Culicidae; Developmental stages; Entomology; Insect bites; Insect control; Insecticides; Life Sciences; Malaria; Mortality; Mosquitoes; Original Research Article; Oviposition; Petiveria alliacea; Plant extracts; Repellency; Vector-borne diseases
• ISSN: 1742-7592; 1742-7584; 1742-7592
• DOI: 10.1007/s42690-020-00281-x

The use of botanical insecticides in place of synthetic ones is gradually gaining traction in mosquito control. This research examined the potency of Clerodendrum volubile and Petivera alliacea ethanolic leaf extracts against different life stages of Anopheles gambiae. Each plant extracts were formulated into concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l. Mosquito bioassays namely oviposition deterrent, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal and repellency effect were investigated. The highest concentrations of C. volubile and P. alliacea had oviposition active index of −0.60 and − 0.76 respectively. Larval mortality of 58.33 and 100% were recorded for 800 mg/l concentration of C. volubile and P. alliacea after 24 h of exposure. However, the same concentration for both plant extracts recorded 100% after 48 and 72 h. The pupicidal activity of 800 mg/l of C. volubile were 51.67, 71.67 and 100%, and for P. alliacea 85, 100, 100% after 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. The adult mortality for both plant extracts were 16.67% at the highest used concentration after 30 min of exposure. Nevertheless, after 120 min, the same concentration of C. volubile and P. alliacea extracts recorded mortalities of 75 and 100% separately. Clerodendrum volubile extract provided protection of 100% against An. gambiae bites for 90 min while P. alliacea lasted for about 120 min. Petivera alliacea recorded the lowest LC 50 and LC 90 values for all the various life stages . The efficacies of these plant extracts imply that they can be incorporated into the integrated management of mosquitoes.