Dinoflagellate Endosymbiont of the Soft Coral Stichodactyla haddoni Saville-Kent Collected from the Coast of Hormuz Island, Strait of Hormuz

An endosymbiotic dinoflagellate isolated from the soft coral Stichodactyla haddoni from the coast of Hormuz Island, Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf, has been characterized morphologically for the first time. Spherical and egg-shaped cells 6–13 μm in diameter (8–13 μm during mitosis) were recorded. Tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Russian journal of marine biology 2021-03, Vol.47 (2), p.126-133
Main Authors: Zarei Darki Behrouz, Fahimeh, Esfandiar, Neda, Soltani
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Calcium
Calcium oxalate
Cells
Chloroplasts
Corals
Crystals
Dinoflagellates
Droplets
Electron microscopy
Environmental conditions
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Intracellular
Invertebrates
Kidney stones
Life Sciences
Lipids
Marine invertebrates
Microorganisms
Mitosis
New records
Oceanic trenches
Organelles
Original Papers
Ova
Oxalic acid
Starch
Stichodactyla haddoni
Straits
Symbiodinium
Transmission electron microscopy
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Summary:An endosymbiotic dinoflagellate isolated from the soft coral Stichodactyla haddoni from the coast of Hormuz Island, Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf, has been characterized morphologically for the first time. Spherical and egg-shaped cells 6–13 μm in diameter (8–13 μm during mitosis) were recorded. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of intracellular organelles including a nucleus, a mitochondrion, chloroplasts, a pyrenoid, calcium oxalate crystals, starch granules, lipid droplets, and cell periplast. Abundant stored substances such as starch and fat droplets, as well as the calcium oxalate crystals, in the studied species were a response to the harsh environmental conditions (high salinity and temperature). The composition and arrangement of the intracellular organelles in Symbiodinium cells led to the conclusion that the studied dinoflagellate was cytologically very close to Symbiodinium goreaui Trench & Blank (clade C). In contrast to previous records, chloroplasts were widely dispersed throughout the cell. A molecular analysis has confirmed that the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate identified as S. goreaui is a member of clade C of the genus Symbiodinium . It is the first record of a symbiont species coexisting with marine invertebrates on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf.
ISSN:1063-0740
1608-3377
DOI:10.1134/S1063074021020127