Evaluation of Fourteen Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes by Observing Gas Exchange Parameters, Relative Water and Chlorophyll Content, and Yield Attributes under Drought Stress

Water scarceness is a major threat to wheat productivity under changing climate scenarios, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, growing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes could be a sustainable option to enhance wheat productivity under drought stress conditions. The aim of this study wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2021-05, Vol.13 (9), p.4799
Main Authors: Wasaya, Allah, Manzoor, Sobia, Yasir, Tauqeer Ahmad, Sarwar, Naeem, Mubeen, Khuram, Ismail, Ismail A., Raza, Ali, Rehman, Abdul, Hossain, Akbar, EL Sabagh, Ayman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Arid zones
Chlorophyll
Climate change
Conductance
Crop yield
Cultivation
Drought
Drought resistance
Gas exchange
Genotypes
Grain
Grain cultivation
Moisture content
Morphology
Photosynthesis
Physiology
Potassium
Productivity
Rain
Resistance
Seeds
Semi arid areas
Semiarid lands
Stomata
Stomatal conductance
Water content
Water stress
Wheat
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Summary:Water scarceness is a major threat to wheat productivity under changing climate scenarios, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, growing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes could be a sustainable option to enhance wheat productivity under drought stress conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild to severe drought stress on gas exchange parameters, relative water content, SPAD-chlorophyll value, and yield-related parameters of 14 wheat genotypes being cultivated in arid to semi-arid areas on large scale. The genotypes were grown in earthen pots under three drought levels, namely (1) control-well watered, (2) mild water stress, i.e., 60% water holding capacity, and (3) severe water stress, i.e., 40% water holding capacity. The drought was imposed from the jointing stage to physiological maturity. Drought significantly decreased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, relative water contents, 100-grain weight, and grain yield in all genotypes. However, the reduction percentage was different in different genotypes under drought stress compared with well-watered conditions. The highest relative water content (65.2%) was maintained by the genotype Galaxy-2013, followed by AAS-2011 (64.6%) and Johar-2016 (62.3%) under severe drought conditions. Likewise, Galaxy-2013 showed the highest net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under severe drought conditions. The highest grain yield per plant (6.2 g) and 100-grain weight (3.3 g) was also recorded in Galaxy-2013 under severe drought conditions, while the highest grain yield under well-watered conditions was recorded in Johar-2016, followed by Galaxy-2013. These results suggest that wheat variety Galaxy-2013 could be cultivated extensively to obtain good wheat yield under limited water conditions.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su13094799