An automated guided logistics robot for pallet transportation

• Published in: Assembly automation 2021-02, Vol.41 (1), p.45-54
• Main Authors: Lin, Rui, Huang, Haibo, Li, Maohai
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Automation; Collision avoidance; Driving; Efficiency; Factories; Laser guidance; Lasers; Localization; Logistics; Manufacturing; Navigation systems; Obstacle avoidance; Pallets; Path planning; Planning; Robots; Traffic congestion; Traffic planning; Transportation; Wheels; Yaw
• ISSN: 0144-5154; 2754-6969; 1758-4078; 2754-6977
• DOI: 10.1108/AA-04-2020-0052

Purpose This study aims to present an automated guided logistics robot mainly designed for pallet transportation. Logistics robot is compactly designed. It could pick up the pallet precisely and transport the pallet up to 1,000 kg automatically in the warehouse. It could move freely in all directions without turning the chassis. It could work without any additional infrastructure based on laser navigation system proposed in this work. Design/methodology/approach Logistics robot should be able to move underneath and lift up the pallet accurately. Logistics robot mainly consists of two sub-robots, like two forks of the forklift. Each sub-robot has front and rear driving units. A new compact driving unit is compactly designed as a key component to ensure access to the narrow free entry of the pallet. Besides synchronous motions in all directions, the two sub-robots should also perform synchronous lifting up and laying down the pallet. Logistics robot uses a front laser to detect obstacles and locate itself using on-board navigation system. A rear laser is used to recognize and guide the sub-robots to pick up the pallet precisely within ± 5mm/1o in x-/yaw direction. Path planning algorithm under different constraints is proposed for logistics robot to obey the traffic rules of pallet logistics. Findings Compared with the traditional forklift vehicles, logistics robot has the advantages of more compact structure and higher expandability. It can realize the omnidirectional movement flexibly without turning the chassis and take zero-radius turn by controlling compact driving units synchronously. Logistics robot can move collision-free into any pallet that has not been precisely placed. It can plan the paths for returning to charge station and charge automatically. So it can work uninterruptedly for 7 × 24 h. Path planning algorithm proposed can avoid traffic congestion and improve the passability of the narrow roads to improve logistics efficiencies. Logistics robot is quite suitable for the standardized logistics factory with small working space. Originality/value This is a new innovation for pallet transportation vehicle to improve logistics automation.