Influence of Rainfall Seasonality in Groundwater Chemistry at Western Region of São Paulo State—Brazil

The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal variation in concentration of cadmium, lead and copper ions in groundwater wells in the stratigraphic subdivision “Santo Anastácio” that belongs to the Bauru aquifer system in the western region of São Paulo State. Exploratory statistics methods were em...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2021-06, Vol.13 (11), p.1450
Main Authors: Maroubo, Lais A., Moreira-Silva, Marcos R., Teixeira, José Jerônimo, Teixeira, Marcos F. S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic resources
Aquifer systems
Aquifers
Brazil
Cadmium
Chemical elements
Copper
Correlation analysis
Flow
Groundwater
Groundwater chemistry
Groundwater overdraft
Heavy metals
Human influences
Hydrogeochemistry
Metal concentrations
Minerals
Precipitation variability
Rain and rainfall
Rainfall
Seasonal variations
Seasons
Standard deviation
Statistical methods
Stratigraphy
Surface water
Water, Underground
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Summary:The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal variation in concentration of cadmium, lead and copper ions in groundwater wells in the stratigraphic subdivision “Santo Anastácio” that belongs to the Bauru aquifer system in the western region of São Paulo State. Exploratory statistics methods were employed to investigate the response of the concentration of these metals in the aquifer through the pluviometric index of the region. The results show a direct dependence of the mean monthly flow of the metals in the groundwaters to the monthly rainfall flow. The observed behavior was cyclic with a gradual increase and decrease in the flow throughout time. Two groups of cyclic variation were identified. The seasonality of the mean monthly flow of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was inversely proportional to the magnitude of the pluviometric index of the region studied. Meanwhile, the seasonality of Cu2+ was directly correlated to the seasonable rainfall variability. These behaviors lead us to point out that cadmium and lead come from minerals present in the aquifer itself and the presence of copper in groundwater is associated with an anthropogenic action due to the region’s agricultural activity. The study helps us better comprehend the behavior of the whole groundwater system through a comparison with temporal hydrogeochemistry.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w13111450