Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Blue Water Use of Dutch Diets and Its Association with Health

Food consumption patterns affect the environment as well as public health, and monitoring is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Dutch food consumption patterns for environmental (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and blue water use) and health aspects (Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015), acc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sustainability 2019-11, Vol.11 (21), p.6027
Main Authors: Vellinga, Reina E., van de Kamp, Mirjam, Toxopeus, Ido B., van Rossum, Caroline T. M., de Valk, Elias, Biesbroek, Sander, Hollander, Anne, Temme, Elisabeth H. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Alcoholic beverages
Beverages
Biodiversity
Body mass index
Carbon dioxide
Children & youth
Climate change
Diet
Dietary guidelines
Emissions
Environmental impact
Environmental indicators
Food
Food consumption
Gender
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Health care
Indicators
Meat
Natural & organic foods
Overweight
Public health
Questionnaires
Software
Sustainability
Vocational education
Water use
Womens health
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Summary:Food consumption patterns affect the environment as well as public health, and monitoring is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Dutch food consumption patterns for environmental (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and blue water use) and health aspects (Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015), according to age, gender, and consumption moments. Food consumption data for 4313 Dutch participants aged 1 to 79 years were assessed in 2012 to 2016, by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls. The environmental impact of foods was quantified using a life cycle assessment for, e.g., indicators of GHG emissions and blue water use. The healthiness of diet, operationalized by the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015, was assessed for 2078 adults aged ≥19 years. The average daily diet in the Netherlands was associated with 5.0 ± 2.0 kg CO2-equivalents of GHG emissions and 0.14 ± 0.08 m3 of blue water use. Meat, dairy and non-alcoholic beverages contributed most to GHG emissions, and non-alcoholic beverages, fruits, and meat to blue water use. More healthy diets were associated with a lower GHG emission and higher blue water use. Different associations of environmental indicators (GHG emissions and blue water use) with health aspects of diets need to be considered when aligning diets for health and sustainability.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su11216027